寒地玉米秸秆腐熟物复配基质在蔬菜育苗中的应用

Application of corn straw compost compound substrate for vegetable seedling in cold region

摘要

为探索寒地玉米秸秆腐熟物替代传统草炭土基质的可行性，以草炭土、蛭石和珍珠岩混合而成的传统基质作为对照，以 A (V 腐熟物: V 蛭石: V 珍珠岩=2:1:1)、B (V 腐熟物: V 蛭石: V 珍珠岩=1:1:1)两种复配基质为处理，研究复配基质对黄瓜和辣椒幼苗生长的影响，以及育苗前后营养物质和相关酶活性的变化。结果表明，两种复配基质的容重、水气比和电导率与传统基质呈显著差异；在幼苗定植 28 d 时，A、B 两种基质的黄瓜幼苗株高分别比对照显著提高 67.25%和 44.95%，茎粗分别显著提高 29.30%和 17.83%，叶绿素含量分别显著提高 7.42%和 3.13%；A、B 两种基质的辣椒幼苗株高分别比对照显著提高 8.55%和 15.36%，茎粗分别显著提高 2.38%和 6.21%，叶绿素含量分别显著提高 4.74%和 12.44%；育苗后基质铵态氮和有效钾含量均降低，速效磷含量升高，黄瓜育苗后 A、B 两种基质速效磷含量分别升高 71.27%和 76.36%；辣椒育苗后 A、B 两种基质速效磷含量分别升高 249.22%和 115.81%。A、B 两种基质中脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在育苗结束后升高，蔗糖酶活性降低。综上，A 基质更适于黄瓜幼苗的生长，B 基质更适于辣椒幼苗的生长，可分别代替传统草炭土基质用于黄瓜和辣椒育苗。

Abstract

In order to explore the feasibility of replacing traditional peat soil matrix with corn straw compost in cold region, the traditional matrix composed of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite was used as a control, and two kinds of compound substrates, A (V compost : V vermiculite : V perlite = 2 : 1 : 1) and B (V compost : V vermiculite : V perlite = 1 : 1 : 1), were used to determine the effect of the compound substrate on the growth of cucumber and pepper seedlings, as well as the nutrients and related enzyme activity before and after seedling raising. The results showed that the bulk density, water air ratio and conductivity of the two composite substrates were significantly different from those of the traditional substrates. In terms of the effect on seedling growth, at 28 days of seedling planting, the plant height of cucumber seedlings on A and B substrates were significantly increased by 67.25% and 44.95%, the stem diameter was significantly increased by 29.30% and 17.83%, and the chlorophyll content was significantly increased by 7.42% and 3.13%, respectively, compared with the control. The plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of pepper seedlings on A and B substrates were significantly increased by 8.55% and 15.36%, 2.38% and 6.21%, 4.74% and 12.44%, respectively, compared with the control. After seedling raising, the content of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium in the substrate decreased, while the content of available phosphorus increased. The content of available phosphorus in A and B substrates increased by 71.27% and 76.36%, respectively, after cucumber seedling cultivation; the content of available phosphorus in A and B substrates increased by 249.22% and 115.81% after pepper seedling, respectively. The activity of urease and acid phosphatase in A and B substrates increased and sucrase activity decreased at the end of seedling raising. In conclusion, substrate A is more suitable for the growth of cucumber seedlings and substrate B is more suitable for the growth of pepper seedlings, which can replace the traditional peat soil substrate for cucumber and pepper seedlings, respectively.

关键词

秸秆腐熟物 / 复配基质 / 蔬菜育苗 / 生长指标

Key words

Straw compost / Compound matrix / Vegetable seedling raising / Growth indexes

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基金资助

黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B020)

黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28030302)

黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GY2023ZB0021)