一种设施西瓜高效绿色防控方法的建立

Establishment of an efficient green prevention and control method for watermelon in facilities

摘要

为了给设施西瓜种植中的高效病虫害防控方法的推广和应用提供理论依据，分别从产量、品质及对蚜虫、枯萎病的防效对传统西瓜病虫害防控方法(T1)、高效绿色防控方法(T2)和传统高温闷棚法(T3)种植条件下的设施西瓜进行比较。利用高效绿色防控方法种植的西瓜较其他处理单果质量大、果皮薄、产量高；中心可溶性固形物、边部可溶性固形物含量高，口感清甜；维生素C、可溶性蛋白含量显著提高，营养丰富，品质提高；对蚜虫的持续防控效果好，有效减少了蚜虫的始发生量，较T1减少了15.54%，并可以安全、持续、有效控制蚜虫危害；T2、T3处理控制枯萎病等土传病害的防效可达100%。综上，集成的设施西瓜高效绿色防控方法，较传统防治方法的产量、品质及蚜虫、枯萎病的防效都有显著提升，可大面积推广应用。

Abstract

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of efficient disease and pest control methods in facility watermelon planting, the authors compared the traditional watermelon disease and pest control methods, efficient green prevention and control methods, and traditional watermelon planted in high-temperature greenhouse cultivation methods in terms of yield, quality and the effectiveness control of aphids and wilt. Compared with other treatments, watermelon cultivated by efficient green prevention and control methods had higher single fruit weight, thinner peel and higher yield. The central sugar, the edge sugar content is high and the taste is sweet. Vitamin C, soluble protein content increased significantly, rich nutrition, quality improved. The continuous control effect of aphids is good, effectively reducing the initial occurrence of aphids, especially the reduction of 15.54% compared with T1. The effectiveness of T2 and T3 treatment to control soil-borne diseases such as blight can reach 100%. Compared with the traditional control methods, the integrated green control method of watermelon has significantly improved the yield, quality and control efficiency of aphids and fusarium wilt, and can be widely applied.

关键词

设施西瓜 / 枯萎病 / 蚜虫 / 产量 / 品质 / 防效

Key words

Facility watermelon / Fusarium wilt / Aphids / Production / Quality / Effect of prevention

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基金资助

江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化利用高技术研究重点实验室项目(BM2011013201901)

2023年“四新”集成推广示范项目

江苏省现代农业(西甜瓜)产业技术体系浦口示范推广基地项目