蔬菜废弃物堆肥对设施蔬菜连作土壤生态质量的改良效果

Improvement effect of vegetable waste composting on soil ecological quality of continuous vegetable cropping in facilities

摘要

为了探究利用蔬菜废弃物堆肥制备的生物有机肥对设施蔬菜连作土壤的改良效果，将芹菜、白菜、胡萝卜、花椰菜等蔬菜废弃物与玉米秸秆进行堆肥，并施用于不同连作年限的设施小白菜土壤。研究表明，受试的4种土壤中细菌、放线菌及真菌数量，土壤酶活性及小白菜品质均随着堆肥添加量的增加而提高；而土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量则随着堆肥添加量的增加而降低。在连作5年的土壤中，高剂量施肥处理与未施肥对照相比，土壤细菌、放线菌及真菌数量，土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶及磷酸酶活性分别提高0.77、1.63、1.53、3.50、1.66、0.99及1.65倍；小白菜维生素C与可溶性糖含量分别提高了88.56%和50.42%；土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量减少了94.55%。结果表明，利用蔬菜废弃物堆肥制备的生物有机肥能够显著改善连作土壤的生态质量，并且对连作年限长的土壤有着更显著的效果。

Abstract

In order to explore the effect of bio-organic fertilizer prepared from vegetable waste composting on the soil improvement of facility vegetable with continuous cropping, we composted vegetable wastes such as celery, Chinese cabbage, carrot and cauliflower with corn straw and applied them to the facility pakchoi soil with different continuous cropping years. The results showed that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, soil enzyme activity and pakchoi quality in the four tested soils increased with the increase of compost addition. However, the number of Fusarium oxysporum in soil decreased with the increase of compost addition. For example, in the soil with 5 years’continuous cropping, the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the activities of soil sucrase, catalase, urease and phosphatase increased by 0.77, 1.63, 1.53, 3.50, 1.66, 0.99 and 1.65 times, respectively, and the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in pakchoi increased by 88.56% and 50.42%, respectively. The number of F. oxysporum in soil decreased by 94.55%. The results showed that the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by composting vegetable waste could significantly improve the ecological quality of continuous cropping soil, and had a more significant effect on soil with long continuous cropping years.

关键词

蔬菜废弃物 / 连作 / 生物有机肥 / 土壤微生物数量 / 土壤酶活性 / 小白菜品质

Key words

Vegetable waste / Continuous cropping / Bio-organic fertilizer / Soil microbial quantity / Soil enzyme activity / Pakchoi quality

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基金资助

厦门市自然科学基金联合资助项目(3502Z20227316)