纳米塑料与铜复合对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

Effects of combined contamination with nanoplastics and copper on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato

摘要

为探究微塑料与重金属对农作物的影响，选取番茄作为受试植物，研究粒径为50 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(NPs)与Cu²⁺单独或复合污染对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，NPs单独胁迫对番茄种子的萌发表现为低促中抑高恢复的影响，显著提高番茄幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量(250 mg·L^-1处理除外)，可溶性糖含量表现为低浓度(ρ,后同)(50 mg·L^-1)降低、中浓度(100、250 mg·L^-1)升高、高浓度(500、1000 mg·L^-1)再降低的变化趋势。Cu²⁺单独胁迫下，番茄种子的发芽势、活力指数、平均发芽速度均低于对照，发芽指数仅在400 mg·L^-1最高浓度组显著降低；Cu²⁺胁迫显著降低番茄幼苗的芽长、鲜质量、含水量和可溶性糖含量(50 mg·L^-1处理除外)，显著提高可溶性蛋白含量。NPs与Cu²⁺复合污染的结果表明，NPs进一步降低Cu²⁺单一污染下番茄种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和番茄幼苗的根长、鲜质量(Cu 50+NPs 50除外)，并加剧Cu²⁺对可溶性糖的抑制作用以及对可溶性蛋白的促进作用，二者表现为协同效应。综上，NPs加剧Cu²⁺对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的毒性效应。

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of microplastics and heavy metals on crops, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) with a particle size of 50 nm and also the combinatorial effect of NPs and Cu²⁺ on the seed germination and seedling growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The results showed that low concentrations of NPs promoted the germination rate of tomatoes, while high NPs concentration inhibited it. Further, soluble protein content of seedlings was increased, and soluble sugar content was decreased at low concentration (50 mg·L^-1), increased at the medium concentration (100 and 250 mg·L^-1), and decreased at the high concentration (500 and 1000 mg·L^-1) again. Under Cu²⁺ stress alone, mean germination speed and vigor index decreased. Further, treatments with highest concentration (400 mg·L^-1) decreased germination index significantly. Moreover, the reduction of bud length, fresh weight and water content of tomato seedlings were observed following Cu²⁺ treatment. In addition, the soluble protein content increased significantly and the soluble sugar content decreased significantly under Cu²⁺ stress. The results of combined pollution of NPs and Cu²⁺ showed that NPs could further reduce the germination index and root length and fresh weight of tomato under Cu²⁺ pollution, and enhanced the inhibition of Cu²⁺ on soluble sugar and the promotion of Cu²⁺ on soluble protein. Therefore, NPs and Cu²⁺ showed a synergistic effect. In conclusion, NPs could aggravate the toxic effect of Cu²⁺ on tomato seeds and seedlings.

关键词

番茄 / 纳米塑料 / 铜 / 种子萌发 / 幼苗生长

Key words

Tomato / Nanoplastics / Copper / Seed germination / Seedling growth

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基金资助

河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目重点项目(ZD2021401)

沧州市重点研发计划指导项目(213109014)