生物菌肥施用对茄子生长发育及土壤环境的影响
Effect of biological microbial fertilizer application on growth and development of eggplant and soil environment
为提高设施茄子的品质和产量,探索合适的施肥方案,以晋圆茄5号为试验材料,研究生物菌肥(处理)和化肥处理(对照)对茄子生长发育、土壤养分、土壤微生物、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,施用生物菌肥后茄子株高、开展度、茎粗、叶面积分别为121.24 cm、88.6 cm、30.6 mm、3.58 m2,与对照相比分别极显著提高21.19%、35.89%、20.00%、61.99%。在测定的3个时期,化肥处理的土壤pH变化较小,生物菌肥处理后pH由7.74下降至7.44,偏中性。2个处理的土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾、速效氮含量均随着茄子生长进程不断升高,菌肥处理均极显著高于化肥处理。与施用化肥相比,生物菌肥处理还极显著提高细菌总数、放线菌总数及细菌/真菌比例,降低真菌数量,缓解了土壤菌群不平衡现象。同时生物菌肥处理的茄子果实纤维素含量降低,而可溶性糖、维生素C和可溶性蛋白含量及产量均极显著高于施用化肥处理。综上,施用生物菌肥提高了土壤养分含量,缓解了土壤菌群不平衡现象,促进了茄子生长发育,最终提高了茄子品质和产量。研究结果为茄子的优质高效栽培提供了合理的施肥方案。
In order to improve the quality and yield of facility eggplant, and seek for suitable fertilizer application scheme, Jinyuanqie No. 5 was used as experimental material in this study. During planting, biological bacterial fertilizer was used to irrigate the roots, and biological bacterial fertilizer was sprayed during the period of flowering and fruiting, and the commonly used fertilizer application methods by farmers was used as control, the agronomic traits, soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, yield and quality of eggplant are investigated. The results showed that the plant height, width of seedling, stem diameter and leaf area after the application of biological bacterial fertilizer increased, reaching 121.24 cm, 88.6 cm, 30.6 mm, and 3.58 m2, respectively. Compared with the control group, the increase rate were 21.19%, 35.89%, 20.00%, and 61.99%, respectively. During the three measured periods, the pH of the soil treated with chemical fertilizers showed little change while the pH of biological bacterial fertilizers treatment decreased from 7.74 to 7.44, which was relatively neutral. The soil nutrients in both treatments were increasing, and the bacterial fertilizer treatment was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment. The biological bacterial fertilizer treatment also significantly increased the total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, and bacteria/fungi ratio, reducing the number of fungi, alleviated the imbalance of soil microbiota. The biological bacterial fertilizer treatment also improved the yield and quality of eggplant, reduced the cellulose content and improved soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein content. In general, the application of biological bacterial fertilizer can accumulate soil nutrients, and promote the formation of eggplant yield and quality. The research results provide suitable fertilizer application scheme for high quality and efficient cultivation of eggplant.
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山西省专利转化专项计划项目(202202045)
山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC115)
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