贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 SM2 对番茄灰霉病的生防效果

Biological control effects of Bacillus velezensis SM2 against Botrytis cinerea causing tomato gray mold

摘要

为探寻高效防治番茄灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)的优良菌株及其防治机制，从番茄根分离获得内生菌 SM2，经平板对峙法分析其对 B. cinerea 的抑菌特性，并通过生理生化特征和 16S rDNA 测序对其进行鉴定；采用盆栽法和田间试验测定 SM2 对番茄灰霉病的防效，并测定防病组、致病组和对照组番茄叶片的生理生化指标等。结果表明，菌株 SM2 可引起 B. cinerea 菌丝发生畸变，抑菌率达 66.67%，被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)；SM2 有效降低了番茄灰霉病的发病率和病情指数，盆栽、田间防效分别达到 71.73%、65.22%。与对照组相比，防病组和致病组番茄叶片的 SOD 活性、APX 活性、脯氨酸含量和可溶性蛋白含量均显著升高，且防病组显著高于致病组。来自番茄的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 SM2 是一株具有生防应用价值的菌株，通过显微拮抗作用和诱导番茄高表达保护酶活性与渗透调节物含量等途径有效防治番茄灰霉病。

Abstract

The aim was to find an excellent strain for efficient biological control and biocontrol mechanism of tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Endophytic bacteria SM2 of tomato root was isolated and purified by plat marking. The inhibitory effect of the strain SM2 on mycelial growth of B. cinerea was studied in dual cultures on PDAplates. Furthermore, the strain SM2 was identified according to physiology and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The biocontrol effect of the strain SM2 against B. cinerea was determined by pot and field experiments, and the physio-biochemical characteristics of tomato leaves in biocontrol group, disease group and control were analyzed. The results showed that strain SM2 was identified as Bacillus velezensis, which could cause mycelium distortion of B. cinerea, with inhibition rate of 66.67%. Pot and field investigation showed that B. velezensis SM2 effectively reduced the incidence and disease index of B. cinerea, and the biocontrol efficiency reached 71.73% and 65.22%, respectively. Compared with the control, SOD activity, APX activity, proline content and soluble protein content of tomato leaves in the biocontrol group and disease group were significantly increased, and the increase rate of biocontrol group was significantly higher than that of disease group. The above results demonstrate that B. velezensis SM2 is a valuable biocontrol strain, which can effectively suppress tomato gray mold through micro-antagonism and induce the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity and osmo-regulation substances content of tomato.

关键词

番茄 / 灰霉病 / 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 / 拮抗作用 / 诱导系统抗性 / 生物防治

Key words

Tomato / Botrytis cinerea / Bacillus velezensis / Antagonism / Induce systemic resistance / Biological control

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基金资助

河南省科技攻关项目(232102110018)

河南省科技攻关项目(232102110164)

河南省高校重点科研项目(23A210029)

河南省高校科技创新团队(21IRTSTHN025)