不同灌溉量对粗网纹甜瓜光合特性、产量和品质的影响

Effects of different irrigation amount on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of coarse netted melon

摘要

以粗网类型甜瓜品种白色恋人为试材，研究不同灌溉量对塑料大棚内不同发育阶段的粗网纹甜瓜的光合特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，适宜的灌溉水平显著促进了植株的生长和叶片的光合作用，提高了果实的产量和品质，也提高了果实外观的商品价值。随着灌溉量的增加，甜瓜植株的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光化学淬灭系数、非光化学淬灭系数和雌花开放数都呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。单果质量、产量、维生素C和可溶性蛋白含量也呈现相同的趋势，并在按日蒸腾蒸发量100%灌溉的I2处理时达到最大值，分别为1 544.03 g、46.32 t·hm^-2、28.61 mg·g^-1和1.07 mg·g^-1。此外，随着灌溉量的增加，甜瓜果实的果肉厚度、种子腔直径和网纹突起程度也呈增大趋势，其中在按日蒸腾蒸发量100%灌溉的I2处理下，甜瓜的网纹品质最佳。综上，I2处理(按日蒸腾蒸发量100%灌溉)为适宜的水分管理方式。在甜瓜生产中，可以更加细致地在甜瓜伸蔓前期和果实发育期按照日蒸腾蒸发量100%灌溉，在伸蔓中后期按日蒸腾蒸发量80%灌溉。

Abstract

This experiment utilized the Baiselianren variety of thick-netted muskmelon as the test material to investigate the impact of different irrigation amounts on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of coarse-meshed melons at various developmental stages in plastic greenhouses. The results indicate that appropriate irrigation levels significantly enhance plant growth and leaf photosynthesis, resulting in increased fruit yield, improved fruit quality, and higher fruit commercialization rate. As the irrigation amount increased, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, qP, NPQ, and number of female flowers in melon plants exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease. Similarly, single fruit weight, yield, vitamin C content, and soluble protein content followed the same trend, reaching their maximum values in the I2 treatment with 100% daily transpiration and evaporation irrigation, which were 1 544.03 g, 46.32 t·hm^-2, 28.61 mg·g^-1, and 1.07 mg·g^-1, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in irrigation amount also led to an upward trend in pulp thickness, seed cavity diameter, and reticulation degree of melon fruits. Notably, the reticulation of melons exhibited the best quality under the I2 treatment, which involved irrigating at 100% of daily transpiration and evaporation. Considering the impact of different irrigation amounts on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and fruit quality of coarse-textured melons at different stages of development in plastic greenhouses, we determined the I2 treatment (irrigation based on 100% of daily transpiration and evaporation) was a more suitable water management method, it is recommended that during the melon production, more detailed irrigation can be carried out according to 100% of the daily transpiration and evaporation during the early vine expansion and fruit development stages of the melon, and 80% of the daily transpiration and evaporation during the middle and late vine expansion stages of the melon.

关键词

粗网纹甜瓜 / 灌溉量 / 光合特性 / 果实产量 / 果实品质

Key words

Coarse netted melon / Irrigation amount / Photosynthetic characteristics / Fruit yield / Fruit quality

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基金资助

广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB19245016)

广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026097)

广西崇左市科技计划项目(崇科20221001)