江汉平原地区马铃薯宽垄双行种植方式探究

Study on wide ridge and double row planting of potato in Jianghan Plain

摘要

深沟高垄单行栽培是目前马铃薯机械化栽培的主要模式，然而一次性达到规定的垄高对起垄机械要求过高，常需二次起垄，因此为寻找适宜的机械栽培模式，在江汉平原的5个地区采用宽垄双行的栽培模式，垄距分别设计为1.0、1.1和1.2 m, 垄上双行距设计为0.15、0.18、0.21 m, 以期在提高产量的同时增加垄宽，进而减少二次起垄。结果表明，垄宽为1.1 m时，马铃薯产量最高为2 417.41 kg·667 m^-2，垄上双行距为0.15 m时，马铃薯产量最高为2 440.30 kg·667 m^-2；综合比较发现，栽培模式D (1.1 m×0.23 m×0.15 m)表现较好，且相比于传统单垄单行栽培模式，马铃薯产量显著提高。栽培模式D相比于人工单垄单行每667 m²增效16.92%，相比于机械单垄单行每667 m²增效55.90%。研究结果在规范江汉平原一带马铃薯机械化种植标准，降低生产成本，提高产量，促进湖北省马铃薯农机农艺融合方面具有重要意义。

Abstract

In the mechanized cultivation of potatoes, deep furrow and high ridge single row planting are the major cultivation methods currently. However, machine raise to the specified ridge height is burden at once, hence requires secondary ridge raising. An experiment was set up in five regions of the Jianghan Plain where potatoes were planted with wide ridge and double row planting, aiming to increase the yield and reduce the requirement of secondary ridging operation. The ridge spacing were designed to be 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 m, and the double row spacing on the ridge were kept 0.15, 0.18 and 0.21 m. The results show that when the ridge width was 1.1 m and the double row spacing on the ridge was 0.15 m, the potato yield was the highest, with 2 417.41 and 2 440.30 kg·667 m^-2, respectively. After comprehensive comparison, the author found that the cultivation mode was 1.1 m×0.23 m×0.15 m performs well. In contrast to the manual single ridge single row, the cultivation mode 1.1 m×0.23 m×0.15 m has increased income by 16.92% per 667 m². Similarly, the benefit is income by 55.90% per 667 m² when compared to mechanical single ridge single row. Hence, this experiment is of great significance for standardizing the mechanized potato planting, reducing production costs, increasing yield, and promoting the integration of agricultural machinery with agronomy in Jianghan Plain of Hubei province.

关键词

马铃薯 / 宽垄双行 / 农机农艺融合

Key words

Potato / Wide ridge and double row / Integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy

参考文献

[1] 黄爱珍. 马铃薯产业发展现状及对策[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2021(8): 42-43.

[2] 蔡兴奎, 谢从华. 中国马铃薯发展历史、育种现状及发展建议[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2016(12): 30-33.

[3] WIJESINHA-BETTONI R, MOUILLÉ B. The contribution of potatoes to global food security, nutrition and healthy diets[J]. American Journal of Potato Research, 2019, 96: 139-149.

[4] 王清伟. 湖北省早熟马铃薯机械种植配套技术研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2023.

[5] 王丽, 孙秀俊, 王忠伟. 我国马铃薯机械化种植的现状及前景分析[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2011(23): 51-53.

[6] 金黎平. 产业发展概况[J]. 种子科技, 2013, 31(3): 31.

[7] 杨雅伦, 郭燕枝, 孙君茂. 我国马铃薯产业发展现状及未来展望[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(1): 29-36.

[8] 全国农业机械标准化技术委员会. 马铃薯全程机械化生产技术规范:NY/T 3483-2019[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019.

[9] 庞芳兰. 发达国家马铃薯种薯产业的发展及其启示[J]. 世界农业, 2008(3): 53-55.

[10] 韩晓礼. 马铃薯不同垄宽栽培的效果[J]. 农技服务, 2010, 27(11): 1397.

[11] 李艳军. 垄宽对马铃薯生长及产量效应的研究[D]. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2019.

[12] 陈丽, 张健, 胡春玲. 马铃薯栽培农艺与机械化生产技术调研综述[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2020(4): 207.

[13] 朱月浩, 马根众, 张万枝, 等. 早春马铃薯机械化生产模式试验研究[J]. 农机化研究, 2022, 44(5): 188-192.

[14] 胡彬生, 骆赞磊, 邱瑜, 等. 南方丘陵山区薯类生产机械化现状与发展思路:以江西省为例[J]. 现代农业装备, 2020, 41(2): 69-75.

[15] 何万春, 谭伟军, 王娟, 等. 半干旱区不同种植模式对覆膜马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2019, 33(2): 77-83.

[16] 范春梅, 彭尔瑞, 尹亚敏, 等. 不同种植模式下早春马铃薯产量和经济效益分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(4): 32-37.

[17] TOMPKINS D K, FOWLER D B, WRIGHT A T. Water use by no-till winter wheat influence of seed rate and row spacing[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1991, 83(4): 766-769.

[18] 高幼华, 金光辉, 刘喜才, 等. 行距对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2016, 28(5): 14-18.

[19] 杨茜, 刘吉利, 贺锦红, 等. 栽培模式对宁南地区马铃薯生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2021, 37(3): 555-561.

[20] 田再民, 龚学臣, 冯琰, 等. 不同行距对冀张薯8号生长、光合速率及产量的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2012, 39(16): 7-9.

[21] AMJAD M, ANDERSON W. Managing yield reductions from wide row spacing in wheat[J]. Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2006, 46(10), 1313-1321.

[22] LI Q, LI H B, ZHANG L, et al. Mulching improves yield and water-use efficiency of potato cropping in China:A meta-analysis[J]. Field Crops Research, 2018, 221: 50-60.

[23] 李瑞东. 群体结构优化对麦茬夏大豆产量形成的调控作用[D]. 南昌: 江西农业大学, 2021.

[24] ESFAHANI M, ABBASI H R A, RABIEI B, et al. Improvement of nitrogen management in rice paddy fields using chlorophyll meter (SPAD)[J]. Paddy and Water Environment, 2008, 6: 181-188.

[25] 汝甲荣. 不同垄作栽培方式对马铃薯土壤环境和产量性状的影响[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2012(11): 38-39.

[26] 姜伟, 刁培松, 张华. 中国马铃薯生产及机械化收获现状[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2021, 59(4): 18-22.

[27] 郑军伟, 董文会, 别笑宇, 等. 中原地区马铃薯全程机械化栽培技术[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2023(3): 10-14.

[28] GUPTA R, SINGH P R, SINGH A K. Development of sugarcane-cum-potato planter for mechanisation of simultaneous planting of sugarcane and potato[J]. Sugar Tech, 2017, 19: 517-525.

[29] 李扬, 王靖, 唐建昭, 等. 中国马铃薯主产区生产特点、限制因子和对策分析[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2020, 34(6): 374-382.

基金资助

国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-09)