不同气调保鲜对平菇贮藏品质和理化性质的影响

Effects of different modified atmosphere preservation on the storage quality and physicochemical properties of Pleurotus ostreatus

摘要

为明确气调包装对采后平菇贮藏品质和理化性质的影响，采用聚乳酸(PLA)袋自发气调和高氧盒式气调(50%O₂、40%N₂、10%CO₂)对采后平菇进行包装处理，测定贮藏期间平菇的失重率、褐变指数、感官评分、硬度、包装内气体含量、营养成分含量、褐变相关酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果表明，在4 ℃条件下，PLA袋自发气调包装和高氧盒式气调包装均可不同程度地提高平菇的采后贮藏品质，减少失水和褐变，维持较高营养物质含量，抑制褐变相关酶活性，降低丙二醛含量。其中，PLA袋自发气调包装对采后平菇的保鲜效果更好，贮藏10 d时，平菇的感官评分高达7.4，较高氧盒式气调包装提高34.55%，且能保持较好的硬度和可溶性蛋白质含量，抑制过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛生成。研究结果可为平菇采后气调包装保鲜的应用提供理论依据和参考。

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the impact of modified atmosphere packaging on the storage quality and physicochemical properties of postharvest Pleurotus ostreatus. Fresh P. ostreatus was used as raw material, and it was treated using polylactic acid (PLA) bag for spontaneous modified atmosphere packaging and using box for high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging. The changes in weight loss rate, browning index, sensory score, hardness, gas content in packaging, nutrient content, browning related enzyme activity, and MDA content of P. ostreatus during storage were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under 4 ℃ conditions, compared with control, the two kinds of modified atmosphere packaging could improve the postharvest storage quality of P. ostreatus in varying degrees, reduce water loss and browning, maintain high nutrient content, inhibit browning related enzyme activity, and reduce MDA content. Among them, PLA bag spontaneous modified atmosphere packaging had a better preservation effect on postharvest P. ostreatus. After 10 days of storage, the sensory score of P. ostreatus reached 7.4, 34.55% higher than the high oxygen box type modified atmosphere packaging. It could maintain good hardness and soluble protein content, inhibit POD activity and MDA generation. The research results can provide theoretical basis and reference for the application of modified atmosphere packaging for postharvest preservation of P. ostreatus.

关键词

平菇 / 气调包装 / 品质 / 理化性质

Key words

Pleurotus ostreatus / Modified atmosphere packaging / Quality / Physical and chemical properties

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基金资助

河南省科技攻关项目(222102110287)

河南省科技攻关项目(242102110348)

河南省重点研发专项(231111112500)

河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC079)

河南省农业科学院科技创新团队专项(2023TD41)