玉米秸秆生物反应堆替代化肥对土壤理化性质和西瓜产量与品质的影响

Effects of maize straw biological reactor instead of chemical fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of soil and yield, quality of watermelon

摘要

2018－2020年通过设置传统施肥处理和玉米秸秆生物反应堆部分替代化肥处理，以期实现土壤理化性质与西瓜产量品质协同提升。结果表明，秸秆生物反应堆技术较常规栽培能够在减少化肥(15-15-15)用量375 kg·hm^-2，且不施用农药的基础上，改善土壤理化性质、提高西瓜产量与品质。秸秆生物反应堆部分替代化肥处理的土壤有机质含量较试验前持续提高，增幅18.8%，而传统施肥导致土壤有机质含量持续降低，降幅12.4%。同时，秸秆生物反应堆部分替代化肥处理能够增加碱解氮的供应，减少有效磷与速效钾的累积。与传统施肥处理相比，秸秆反应堆部分替代化肥处理能够显著提高西瓜产量，平均增产6.8%(6.6%~8.1%)；2020年的西瓜蛋白质含量提高5.4%、可溶性固形物含量提高17.9%、维生素C含量提高7.5%。基于以上结果，安丘市西瓜产区应用秸秆生物反应堆技术对西瓜的优质可持续生产具有重要意义。

Abstract

In order to achieve the coordinated improvement of soil quality, watermelon yield and quality, two treatments: traditional fertilization and maize straw biological reactor partially instead of chemical fertilizer were designed during 2018-2020. The experimental results showed that the straw biological reactor technology could improve the soil quality and increase the yield and quality of watermelon on the basis of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) by 375 kg·hm^-2 and no application of pesticides compared with conventional cultivation. Compared with original value, straw biological reactor partially instead of chemical fertilizer increased soil organic matter content by 18.8%, while the traditional fertilization treatment resulted in a reduction by 12.4%. Meanwhile, straw biological reactor partially instead of chemical fertilizer could increase the supply of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, reduce the accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium, and reduce the soil bulk density. Straw biological reactor partially instead of chemical fertilizer could also significantly increase the watermelon yield by 6.8%(6.6%-8.1%) on average. Watermelon protein content was increased by 5.4%, soluble solids content was increased by 17.9% and vitamin C content was increased by 7.5% in 2020. Overall, the application of straw biological reactor technology in watermelon producing areas of Anqiu city is of great significance to the high-quality and sustainable production of watermelon.

关键词

西瓜 / 秸秆生物反应堆 / 土壤理化性质 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

Watermelon / Maize straw biological reactor / Physical and chemical properties of soil / Yield / Quality

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