不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对地温、杂草生长和甜瓜产量的影响

Effects of different colors of film mulching and additional bio-organic fertilizer application on ground temperature and weed growth and melon yield

摘要

为探究不同颜色地膜和增施生物有机肥对甜瓜产量的调控效应，在大田条件下以甜瓜为试材，以覆透明膜不施生物有机肥为对照(CK)，研究了3种不同颜色地膜覆盖[黑膜(B)、黑白相间膜(W)、上银下黑双色膜(S)］和3种生物有机肥施肥量［1800 kg·hm^-2(H)、1200 kg·hm^-2(M)、600 kg·hm^-2(L)]对土壤热效应、杂草生长和甜瓜产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，3种不同颜色地膜在甜瓜整个生育期中早晚均能增加土壤温度，对农田土壤温度具有低温阶段增温和高温阶段降温的双重调节作用，增温效果为S膜＞W膜＞B膜，降温效果为S膜＞B膜＞W膜，降温和保温效应主要表现在甜瓜生育前期，增温效应表现为前期＞中期＞后期，保温效应为前期＞后期＞中期。3种不同颜色地膜覆盖对杂草的防效均高于CK，S膜覆盖的杂草株防效、鲜质量防效较B膜和W膜覆盖分别提高了6.5%、92.2%和7.0%、131.1%。产量方面，S膜、B膜覆盖较CK分别显著提高了20.5%、11.2%，不同增施有机肥施肥量下，S膜覆盖条件下的中施肥量较W、B膜处理(除BH处理)和CK显著提高了甜瓜的产量。在河西绿洲灌溉条件下充分考虑覆膜控草的栽培需求下，综合土温、甜瓜果实性状及产量因素，较优的地膜覆盖颜色为上银下黑双色膜，适宜增施生物有机肥施肥量为1200 kg·hm^-2。

Abstract

This study aimed to explore different colors of mulch and bio-organic fertilizer application on melon yield. A filed experiment comprising of three different colors of mulch [black film (B), black and white film (W), silver on top and black on bottom (S)] and three bio-organic fertilizer application rates [1800 kg · hm^-2(H), 1200 kg · hm^-2(M), 600 kg·hm^-2(L)] to study soil thermal effect, weed growth and melon yield. The results showed that three different colors of mulch films could increase soil temperature throughout the whole fertility period of melon, and had the dual effect of increasing temperature at low temperature stage and cooling at high temperature stage, and the effect of increasing temperature was S＞W＞B, and the effect of cooling was S＞B＞W, and the average soil temperature of 0-20 cm soil layer from seedling stage to ripening stage of melon showed that S film increased temperature by 1.11-2.14 ℃ and cooling 1.94-3.09 ℃, B film increased temperature 0.72-1.77 ℃and cooling 1.44-2.81 ℃, W film increased temperature 0.68-1.90 ℃and cooling 0.56-2.28 ℃. The soil temperature results of different fertility periods showed that the cooling and heat preservation effects of the three different colors of mulch films were mainly manifested in the early stage of melon fertility, and the warming effect was early ＞ middle ＞ late in the whole fertility period, and the heat preservation effect was early ＞ late ＞ middle. The effectiveness of weed control was significantly higher than that of CK, and the effectiveness of weed plant control and fresh mass control were 6.5%, 92.2% and 7.0%, 131.1% higher for S and W mulches, respectively, than that of B and W mulches, with significant differences. In terms of yield, S and B film mulching significantly increased 20.5% and 11.2%, respectively, compared to CK. Under different fertilization rates of organic fertilizers, the medium fertilization rate under the S-film mulching condition significantly increased melon yield compared with the other treatments (except the BH treatment) and CK. Under the irrigated conditions of the Hexi Oasis, taking into account the cultivation requirements of mulching and weed control, and integrating the factors of soil temperature, melon fruit traits and yield, the preferred mulch color was upper silver and lower black two-color film, and the appropriate fertilizer application rate of bio-organic fertilizer was 1200 kg·hm^-2.

关键词

甜瓜 / 有色地膜 / 生物有机肥 / 土壤温度 / 杂草 / 产量

Key words

Melon / Colored mulch / Bio-organic fertilizer / Soil temperature / Weeds / Yield

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基金资助

甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRD0001)

甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广项目(23GSLK041)