高效瞬时灭菌技术对平菇栽培基质的影响

Effect of high-efficiency instant sterilization technology on the substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

摘要

为了深入探究高温瞬时灭菌技术对平菇栽培基质的影响，并寻求最佳平菇原料处理工艺，采用自制螺杆对平菇栽培原料进行高温瞬时灭菌处理。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对处理后的基质进行结构分析，以木质纤维素各组分含量为指标，比较了处理前后平菇栽培原料的营养组分变化，同时，还评估了持水力、容重和比孔隙率等物理性质。结果表明，经过高温瞬时灭菌处理后，平菇栽培料在红外光谱分析中显示化学组成未变，但组分含量有变化；X射线衍射分析显示其结晶度增加。此外，处理后的持水力提升至3.76 g·g^-1，较之前增加了72%，比孔隙率也增至6.31 g·mL^-1，较之前增加了30%，同时，容重及溶胀也均有显著变化。在营养组分方面，纤维素和木质素含量(w,后同)分别由31.79%、12.02%降至29.22%、9.95%。表明高温瞬时灭菌技术改善了平菇栽培料的结构特性，研究结果为更好地利用栽培料提供了理论基础。

Abstract

In order to explore the impact of high-temperature instantaneous sterilization technology on the substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, and seek better processing technology for its raw materials, this study used self-made screw to carry out high-temperature instantaneous sterilization treatment on its cultivation raw materials. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer were used to analyze the structure of the treated substrate. The changes of nutritional components of P. ostreatus cultivation raw materials before and after treatment were compared by using the content of lignocellulose components as indicators. At the same time, the changes of physical properties such as water holding capacity, bulk density and specific surface area were also evaluated. The results showed that after high-temperature instantaneous sterilization treatment, the chemical composition of P. ostreatus cultivation materials did not change in infrared spectroscopy analysis, but the content of its components changed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that its crystallinity increased. In addition, the water holding capacity after treatment increased to 3.76 g·g^-1, an increase of 72% compared with before, and the specific surface area increased to 6.31 g·mL^-1, an increase of 30%. At the same time, bulk density and swelling also changed significantly. In terms of nutritional components, the content of cellulose and lignin decreased from 31.79%, 12.02% to 29.22%, 9.95% respectively. These results indicated that high-temperature instantaneous sterilization technology improved the structural characteristics of P. ostreatus cultivation materials, which provides a theoretical basis for better utilization of cultivation materials.

关键词

平菇栽培料 / 高温瞬时灭菌 / 分解 / 改性

Key words

Mushroom cultivation materials / High-temperature instant sterilization / Decomposition / Modification

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基金资助

河南省重点研发专项(231111112500)

河南省科技攻关计划项目(232102110278)

河南省科技攻关计划项目(242102111068)

河南省科技攻关计划项目(242102110348)

河南省农业科学院科技创新团队专项(2024)

河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC079)