钾肥种类对缓解马铃薯镉胁迫的影响

Effect of potassium fertilizer types on alleviating cadmium stress in potatoes

摘要

为了探讨钾肥种类对缓解马铃薯镉胁迫的作用，明确钾肥种类影响马铃薯在镉胁迫下的生长生理机制，采用盆栽试验研究了硫酸钾(S)、氯化钾(Cl)及其等量配比处理(SCl)等钾肥处理和镉胁迫对马铃薯生长及生理的影响。结果表明，植株受到镉胁迫(25 mg·kg^-1)时，S处理的株高、SPAD、生物量、块茎质量、根系活力等指标显著高于SCl处理和Cl处理，S处理的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合指标显著高于SCl处理和Cl处理。与未加镉相比，镉胁迫会显著提高马铃薯叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。镉胁迫下S处理的马铃薯叶片中的GSH、NPT、PCs、Pro含量和SOD活性均显著高于Cl处理，MDA含量显著低于Cl处理。S处理的根系镉含量显著低于Cl处理，镉转运系数显著高于Cl处理，但茎叶中的镉含量差异不显著。总体来说，与氯化钾相比，硫酸钾能促进马铃薯植株的生长，缓解镉胁迫对马铃薯的影响，抑制马铃薯对土壤中镉的吸收，促进镉从马铃薯根系中向地上部迁移。

Abstract

In order to explore the effect of potassium fertilizer types on alleviating cadmium stress in potatoes and clarify the physiological mechanism of potassium fertilizer types on potato growth under cadmium stress, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of potassium sulfate (S), potassium chloride (Cl), their equal ratio treatments (SCl) and cadmium stress on potato growth and physiology. The results showed that when plants were subjected to cadmium stress (25 mg·kg^-1), the plant height, SPAD, biomass, root vitality, and tuber mass were significantly higher than those of the SCL and Cl treatments, and the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the S treatment were significantly higher than those of the SCL and Cl treatments. Compared with the absence of cadmium, cadmium stress significantly increases the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of potato leaves, and the impacts on the content of reduced glutathione (GSH), complex elements (PCs), and non protein thiol (NPT) were significantly related to the type of potassium fertilizer. Under cadmium stress, the GSH, NPT, PCs, Pro content, and SOD activity in potato leaves S treatment were significantly higher than those of Cl treatment, while the MDA content was significantly lower than that of Cl treatment. The cadmium content in the roots of S treatment was significantly lower than that of Cl treatment, and the transport coefficient of cadmium in the stems and leaves of S treatment were significantly higher than that of Cl treatment, while the difference in cadmium content in the stems and leaves was not significant. Overall, compared to potassium chloride, potassium sulfate can promote the growth of potato plants, alleviate the impact of cadmium stress on potatoes, reduce the absorption of cadmium by potatoes in the soil, and promote the migration of cadmium from potato roots to above ground parts.

关键词

马铃薯 / 钾肥种类 / 镉 / 生长 / 抗氧化系统

Key words

Potato / Type of potassium fertilizer / Cadmium / Growth / Antioxidant system

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基金资助

广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2021B0301030004)

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-09-ES16)