化肥减量配施不同用量堆肥对娃娃菜产量及品质的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and different amounts of compost on yield and quality of mini Chinese cabbage

摘要

为筛选出适于娃娃菜生长的最佳施肥方案，以不施肥(NF)为对照，以当地化肥施用量(C)和当地化肥施用量减量30%(R)为两种化肥施用水平；以0、400、600、800 kg·667 m^-2 4种堆肥施用水平，两因素组合成8个处理，研究不同施肥处理对娃娃菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，当地化肥施用量减量30%+600 kg·667 m^-2堆肥(R6)处理的株幅和球高分别显著增加33.11%和26.23%，高于常规施肥处理和其他化肥减施处理；R6与其他处理相比干鲜质量均增加；R6的生物产量和经济产量分别比NF显著提高52.23%和120.21%；且R6处理与NF相比，显著提高娃娃菜维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、氨基酸含量，显著降低硝酸盐含量。主成分分析结果表明，R6处理的排名最高。综上，当地化肥减量30%+600 kg·667 m^-2堆肥处理可明显促进娃娃菜生长、提高产量、改善品质，该施肥方案可为当地娃娃菜高产优质生产提供参考。

Abstract

In order to screen out the best fertilization treatment suitable for the growth of mini Chinese cabbage, no fertilization (NF) was used as the control, the local chemical fertilizer application amount (C) and the local chemical fertilizer application amount reduced by 30%(R) were the two chemical fertilizer application levels; 0, 400, 600, 800 kg·667 m^-2 were four compost application levels. The two factors were combined into 8 treatments to explore the effects of fertilization treatment on growth, yield and quality of mini Chinese cabbage. Compared with the control, the plant width and ball height of the treatment with local chemical fertilizer reduction of 30% + 600 kg·667 m^-2 compost (R6) increased by 33.11% and 26.23% respectively, which were higher than those of conventional fertilization and chemical fertilizers. Other treatments that reduced fertilizer use; R6 increased both dry and fresh mass compared with other treatments; the biological yield and economic yield of R6 increased by 52.23% and 120.21%, respectively; and the R6 treatment increased the vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein and amino acid contents of mini Chinese cabbage and reduced nitrate content significantly. The principal component analysis results showed that the R6 treatment ranked the highest. In summary, 30% reduction of local chemical fertilizer plus 600 kg·667 m^-2 compost treatment can significantly promote the growth of mini Chinese cabbage, increase yield, and improve quality. This fertilization method can provide scientific fertilization basis for the high-yield and high-quality production of local mini Chinese cabbage.

关键词

娃娃菜 / 化肥减量 / 堆肥 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

Mini Chinese cabbage / Fertilizer reduction / Compost / Yield / Quality

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基金资助

甘肃省教育厅“双一流”重点科研项目(GSSYLXM-02)

国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-C-07)

甘肃省拔尖领军人才培养计划(GSBJLJ-2021-14)

现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK-2021-6)

甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(21JR7RA803)