不同生物菌肥对连作西蓝花产量和品质的影响

Effects of different biological fertilizers on the yield and quality of broccoli under continuous cropping

摘要

以连作2年(4茬)的西蓝花菜地为研究对象，以常规施肥为CK，采用大田试验，从西蓝花的生长发育、品质、产量以及根际土壤养分和菌群数量变化等角度，综合评价配施不同生物菌肥对西蓝花生长发育和土壤改良效果的影响，为生物菌肥大面积推广应用提供参考。结果表明，与CK相比，配施“金临门”生物菌肥(T5)可显著提高土壤碱解氮含量，配施“贝特”生物菌肥(T6)可显著提高土壤速效钾含量；与CK相比，配施生物菌肥对土壤蛋白酶活性有显著影响，但配施“复土归康”生物菌肥和“贝特”生物菌肥可显著提高土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性；配施生物菌肥对西蓝花品质指标影响各异，规律性不强，但配施“贝特”生物菌肥可降低硝酸盐含量3.90%~22.44%；与CK相比，配施“海藻菌动力”生物菌肥可显著提高连作土壤中细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量；配施“贝特”生物菌肥西蓝花的株高与CK无显著差异，仅莲座期株幅投影面积显著高于CK，其他时期与CK无显著差异，实现增产6.13%。综上所述，在本试验条件下，“贝特”生物菌肥对连作西蓝花生长、品质、产量以及土壤改良效果更好。

Abstract

In this study, broccoli vegetable plots with 4 crops for 2 years were used as the research object, and a field cultivation experiment was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different biological fertilizer (using the conventional fertilizer as the control) on the growth and development of broccoli and soil improvement from the perspectives of growth, quality, yield, rhizosphere soil nutrients and microbial population changes, providing reference for the large-scale application of biological fertilizer. The results showed that compared to CK, the combined application of Jinlinmen biofertilizer (T5) significantly increased the content of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and Beite biofertilizer (T6) significantly increased the content of available potassium. Compared to CK, the application of biofertilizer had a significant effect on protease activity, but the application of Futuguikang and Beite biofertilizer significantly increased the activity of soil protease and sucrase. The combined application of biofertilizer had varying effects on the quality indicators of broccoli, with weak regularity. However, the combined application of "Beite" biofertilizer could reduce nitrate content by 3.90% to 22.44%. When compared to CK, the application of Haizaojundongli biofertilizer significantly increased the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in continuous cropping soil. There was no significant difference in plant height between the application of Beite biofertilizer and the CK, except for a significantly higher projected area of plant width during the rosette stage. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, Beite biofertilizer had better effects on the growth, quality, yield, and soil improvement of continuous cropping of broccoli.

关键词

西蓝花 / 生物菌肥 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

Broccoli / Biological fertilizer / Yield / Quality

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基金资助

固原市科技研发类计划(2021GYKYF029)