不同施肥处理对退砂田西瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

Effect of different fertilization practices on yield, quality and nutrients uptake of watermelon in the gravel removal field

摘要

为筛选出适合退砂田西瓜种植的施肥措施，采用田间大区对比试验，以金城5号西瓜为供试作物，研究了不施肥(CK)、大量元素水溶肥、大量元素水溶肥+生物菌肥、生物菌肥、沼液肥对西瓜产量、养分吸收和品质的影响。结果表明，水溶肥+生物菌肥处理下西瓜经济产量最高，为51.4 t·hm^-2。水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥促进了西瓜植株、果实和地上部氮吸收，同时促进了果实和地上部钾吸收。水溶肥处理下西瓜氮肥利用率最高(31.2%)，沼液肥处理下磷(15.5%)、钾(39.2%)肥利用率较高。西瓜总糖与总酸、维生素C含量之间分别呈显著和极显著正相关。施肥处理显著提高了西瓜品质，水溶肥+生物菌肥处理效果明显。因此，综合考虑西瓜的产量、养分吸收和品质，退砂田施用水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥可实现西瓜高产优质生产。

Abstract

In order to select the suitable fertilization practices in the gravel removal field, using field comparative experiments, the effects of no fertilizers (CK), water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer, water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer + biological bacterial manure, and biogas slurry fertilizer on yield, nutrients uptake and quality of watermelon in the gravel removal field were studied using watermelon cultivar Jincheng No.5 as the test crop. The results showed that the economic yield of watermelon was the highest under the treatment of water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer + biological bacterial manure, which was 51.4 t·hm^-2. Water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer or it combined application of biological bacterial manure improved straw, fruit, and shoot nitrogen uptake of watermelon, while also significantly increased potassium uptakes in fruit and shoot. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (31.2%) was highest by application of water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer, thus phosphorus (15.5%) and potassium (39.2%) utilization efficiencies were higher in treatment biogas slurry fertilizer. There is a significant and extremely significant positive correlation between total sugar, total acid, and vitamin C content in watermelon, respectively. Application of fertilizers improved watermelon quality, the obvious effects were in treatments water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer + biological bacterial manure. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of yield, nutrients uptake and quality of watermelon, it is high yield and quality by application of water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer or it combined application of biological bacterial manure in watermelon in the gravel removal field.

关键词

西瓜 / 退砂田 / 产量 / 养分吸收 / 品质

Key words

Watermelon / Gravel removal field / Yield / Nutrients uptake / Quality

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基金资助

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF02025)

2020年度自治区青年拔尖人才培养工程项目