以废弃羽毛、菌渣为主的基质及其应用效果

Study on the application effect of waste feather and mushroom residue as main substrates

摘要

为促进废弃羽毛、菌渣的资源化利用，寻找草炭的适宜替代原料，用发酵完全的羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物去替代草炭，添加蛭石、珍珠岩配制成不同比例的基质，研究其对上海青、番茄、辣椒的出苗率、基质理化性质及辣椒生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明，与草炭基质(CK)相比，用25%、50%、75%和100%的羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物替代草炭，上海青种子出苗率随羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物增加而降低，当替代量为50%时，上述种子出苗率与CK间无显著差异，而当替代量为75%时，上海青种子出苗率则较CK降低44.79%。从基质理化性质来看，用羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物去替代草炭，基质的pH值、EC值、容重较CK显著提高。对于辣椒生长发育及产量而言，当羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物替代量为50%时，辣椒株高、茎粗、叶长、叶面积、叶绿素含量和植株鲜质量较CK显著增加，单果质量和单株产量分别较CK显著增加36.33%和118.95%。综上，用发酵完全的羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物替代草炭能提高基质的pH值、EC值和容重，促进辣椒生长，提高植株鲜质量，从而提高辣椒单果质量和单株产量，但用作种苗培育时，羽毛、菌渣联合发酵物的替代量应控制在50%以下，否则会影响蔬菜种子出苗。

Abstract

In order to improve the resource utilization of waste feathers and mushroom residue, and to find suitable substitute raw materials for peat, fully fermented feathers and mushroom residues combined with fermented products were used to replace peat. Different proportions of substrates were prepared by adding vermiculite and perlite and their effects on the seedling emergence rate of Shanghai green, tomato, and pepper, physical and chemical properties of the substrates, the growth and yield of pepper. The results show that compared with CK, when 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% feather-residue combined fermentation were used the seed emergence rate showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. When the replacement amount was 50%, there was no significant difference between the seed emergence rate and CK. However, when the replacement amount was 75%, the seed emergence rate of Shanghai green seeds decreased by 44.79%. From the physical and chemical properties of the substrates, the pH, EC and bulk mass of the substrates were significantly increased when feathers and mushroom residue combined with fermentation were used to replace the peat. For the growth, development and yield of pepper, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and fresh plant mass of pepper were significantly increased when the replacement amount of feather and mushroom residue combined with fermentation was 50%, and the single fruit mass and yield per plant were increased by 36.33% and 118.95%, respectively. To sum up, the use of fully fermented feathers, mushroom residue combined fermentation to replace peat can improve the pH, EC and bulk density of the substrates, promote the growth of pepper, promote plant fresh mass, thereby increasing the single fruit mass of pepper and single plant yield. However, when used for seedling cultivation, the replacement amount of feathers and mushroom residue combined fermentation should be controlled below 50%, otherwise it will affect the emergence of vegetable seeds.

关键词

废弃羽毛 / 菌渣 / 栽培基质 / 种苗培育

Key words

Waste feather / Mushroom residue / Cultivation medium / Seedlings cultivation

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基金资助

韶关市科技计划项目(220805106270728)

广州市科技计划项目(202201011832)

广东特支计划项目(2021JC06N628)

“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG09)

“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09)