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摘要
单倍体或双单倍体对作物改良、遗传育种具有重要意义,对提高单倍体的诱导频率、建立高效稳定的离体雌核诱导体系至关重要。而常规育种周期长、工作量大,且遗传性状存在不稳定性。在葫芦科作物中通常通过未授粉子房、胚珠离体培养的途径产生单倍体或双单倍体植株,从而获得纯合的自交系,使基因快速纯合,极大地缩短育种年限。对葫芦科作物离体雌核发育技术进行了综述,影响离体雌核发育结果的主要因素有供体植株的基因型、培养基及添加的外源激素、黑暗热激与预冷处理方式、播种季节、子房发育时期等。同时也概括了再生植株的倍性与加倍方法,为后续葫芦科作物离体雌核发育的研究提供参考依据。
Abstract
Haploid or double haploid plays an important role in crop improvement and genetic breeding. It is very important for increasing the induction frequency of haploid and establishing an efficient and stable in vitro gynogenetic induction system. The conventional breeding cycle is long, the workload is heavy, and the genetic characters are unstable. Haploid or double haploid plants are usually produced by in vitro culture of unpollinated ovary and ovule, so as to obtain homozygous inbred lines, which can make genes homozygous quickly and shorten breeding life greatly. In this paper, the authors reviewed the techniques of in vitro gynogenesis of cucurbit crops, and found that the main factors affecting the results, including the genotypes of the donor plants, the medium and added exogenous hormones, the methods of dark heat shock and pre-cooling, the sowing season, and the stage of ovary development. Besides, the methods of ploidy and doubling of regenerated plants were also summarized, to provide reference for the subsequent research on the development of in vitro female nuclei of cucurbitaceae crops.
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张成桃,宋慧娟,孙翔宇,戴思慧,孙小武.
葫芦科作物离体雌核发育技术研究进展[J].
中国瓜菜, 2024, 37(4): 1-6 DOI:10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.202423.0705
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基金资助
湖南省科技厅重点研发项目(2022NK2007)