设施番茄废弃物原位厌氧还田对土壤理化特性的影响

Effect of tomato residues in-situ anaerobic return on soil physicochemical properties

摘要

为解决环保低成本处理生产环节中设施蔬菜废弃物处理不当引发的农业面源污染问题，以设施番茄废弃物为外源碳，设置大样本量的番茄废弃物全量原位厌氧还田(TRR)与不还田(CK)处理，分析其对还田前期、还田结束期和果实成熟期3个时期土壤pH、电导率及有机质、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，TRR处理对土壤速效磷含量影响不显著，但使果实成熟期的土壤电导率及有机质、速效钾、碱解氮含量分别显著提高15.47%、21.80%、25.63%、18.54%。在TRR处理中，番茄废弃物全量原位厌氧还田处理前期、处理结束期和果实成熟期3个时期土壤pH先上升后下降，速效磷含量变化不显著；与番茄废弃物全量原位厌氧还田处理前期相比，果实成熟期土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮含量以及电导率分别显著提高25.88%、47.86%、23.70%、12.90%。以上结果表明，番茄废弃物全量原位厌氧还田可提高土壤有机质和速效养分含量，对土壤理化特性具有正向效应，是一种环境友好型的处理措施。

Abstract

To solve the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by improper treatment of facility vegetable waste in the production process of environmental protection and low-cost treatment, a large sample of tomato waste was treated with in-situ anaerobic return (TRR) and no return (CK) using facility tomato waste as external carbon. The effects of TRR and CK on soil pH, conductivity, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkaline nitrogen content during the early stage of returning to the field, the end stage of returning to the field, and the fruit ripening stage were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, TRR treatment had no significant effect on soil available phosphorus content, but significantly increased soil conductivity, organic matter, available potassium, and alkaline nitrogen content during fruit ripening by 15.47%, 21.80%, 25.63%, and 18.54%, respectively. In TRR treatment, the soil pH first increased and then decreased during the early stage, end stage, and fruit ripening stage of the in-situ anaerobic return of tomato waste, and the change in available phosphorus content was not significant. Compared with the early stage of in-situ anaerobic return of tomato waste, the soil organic matter, available potassium, alkaline nitrogen content, and electrical conductivity during fruit ripening were significantly increased by 25.88%, 47.86%, 23.70%, and 12.90%, respectively. In summary, the results indicated that the complete in-situ anaerobic return of tomato waste can increase soil organic matter and available nutrient content, have a positive effect on soil physicochemical properties, and is an environmentally friendly treatment measure.

关键词

蔬菜废弃物 / 原位厌氧还田 / 土壤理化特性

Key words

Vegetable residues / In-situ anaerobic return / Soil physicochemical properties

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基金资助

甘肃省科技厅乡村振兴专项(23CXNA0002)

甘肃省科技重大专项计划(24ZD6CN007)

甘肃省现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑计划(GSLK-2021-19)

甘肃省科技重点研发计划(20YF8NH154)