不同灌溉水源对高原夏芹菜土壤理化性质及其产量、品质的影响

Effects of different irrigation water on soil physicochemical property, yield and quality of plateau summer celery

摘要

以芹菜品种文图拉为试材，研究引洮水及其引洮水和浅层地下水交替灌溉、浅层地下水3种不同灌溉水源对土壤容重、土壤温度及夏芹菜产量及品质的影响。结果表明，灌溉水质对耕层内(0~30 cm)土壤容重的影响较大，用浅层地下水灌溉后土壤容重增幅最大；在夏芹菜生育期内，土壤温度变化受灌溉水质和气温影响较大，其中引洮水灌溉后生育期土壤平均温度21.4 ℃，较地下水灌溉高0.7 ℃；在全生育期灌溉制度相同的条件下，因地下水含氮、磷等有机物较多，灌溉处理夏芹菜产量最高，达135 870 kg·hm^-2，比引洮水灌溉增产21 005 kg·hm^-2，但芹菜粗纤维含量高，食用品质降低。综上，使用矿化度低的引洮水灌溉芹菜，能使土壤保持较好的理化性质，提高芹菜发芽期土壤表层平均地温，有利于芹菜根系的呼吸和生长，易形成茎，能增加芹菜茎秆鲜质量的比例，达到80.79%。

Abstract

Using the celery variety Wentula as the experimental material, this study investigated the effects of different irrigation sources, namely Taoyuan water and shallow groundwater, on soil bulk density, soil temperature, and summer celery yield and quality. The results showed that the irrigation water quality had a significant impact on the soil bulk density within the cultivated layer (0-30 cm), with the largest increase in soil bulk density observed after irrigation with shallow groundwater. During the growth period of summer celery, soil temperature changes are greatly influenced by irrigation water quality and temperature. Among them, the average soil temperature during the growth period after irrigation with Taoyuan water is 21.4 ℃, which is 0.7 ℃ higher than that under groundwater irrigation; Under the same irrigation system throughout the entire growth period, due to the high content of organic matter such as nitrogen and phosphorus in groundwater, the irrigation treatment resulted in the highest yield of summer celery, reaching 135 870 kg·hm^-2, an increase of 21 005 kg·hm^-2 compared to irrigation with Taoyuan water. However, the crude fiber content of celery was high, and the edible quality was reduced. In summary, using water with low mineralization to irrigate celery can maintain good physical and chemical properties of the soil, significantly increase the average surface soil temperature during the germination period of celery, facilitate the respiration and growth of celery roots, facilitate the formation of stems, and significantly increase the proportion of celery stem fresh mass, reaching 80.79%.

关键词

高原夏芹菜 / 灌溉水质 / 土壤容重 / 土壤温度 / 产量 / 品质

Key words

Plateau summer celery / Irrigation water quality / Soil bulk density / Soil temperature / Yield / Quality

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基金资助

定西市科技计划项目(DX2023BZ75)

定西市科技计划项目(DX2023BZ78)