七星瓢虫对豇豆蚜的捕食能力及效率研究

Study on the predation capacity and efficiency of Coccinella septempunctata against Aphis craccivora

摘要

为明确七星瓢虫（Coccinella septempunctata）对豇豆蚜（Aphis craccivora）的生物防控潜能，在室内测定七星瓢虫幼虫和雌成虫对豇豆蚜的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应，并探究了七星瓢虫雌、雄成虫的种内自身密度干扰效应和捕食效率。结果表明，七星瓢虫幼虫和雌成虫均能捕食豇豆蚜，且捕食功能反应遵循 Holling II 模型。不同发育阶段七星瓢虫对豇豆蚜的控害效能为：七星瓢虫雌成虫＞4 龄幼虫＞3 龄幼虫＞2 龄幼虫＞1 龄幼虫。七星瓢虫雌成虫、4 龄与 3 龄幼虫对豇豆蚜的日最大捕食量分别为 123.325、200.359 和 75.352 头，由此可见，七星瓢虫 4 龄幼虫和雌成虫对豇豆蚜的捕食能力较强。随着猎物密度的降低，七星瓢虫对豇豆蚜的搜寻效应逐渐提升。此外，七星瓢虫成虫的捕食作用受到自身密度的干扰，且表现为雌成虫＞雄成虫。捕食效率的测定结果表明，当猎物密度为 120 头·盒^-1时，七星瓢虫雌、雄成虫搜索时长分别为 2.47 s、2.53 s，均显著短于猎物密度为 40 头·盒^-1时的搜索时长，且雄成虫的取食时长普遍短于雌成虫。综上，七星瓢虫对豇豆蚜具有较强的控害能力，可利用七星瓢虫雌成虫和高龄幼虫防治豇豆蚜。

Abstract

To clarify the biocontrol potential of Coccinella septempunctata against Aphis craccivora, the predatory functional responses and searching efficiency of larvae and female adults of C. septempunctata to A. craccivora were determined under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the intraspecific interference effects and predation efficiency of male and female adults of C. septempunctata were investigated. The results showed that both larvae and female adults of C. septempunctata could prey on A. craccivora, and their predatory functional responses fitted the HollingⅡmodel. The pest control efficiency of C. septempunctata at different developmental stages was ranked as follows: Female adults＞ 4th-instar larvae＞3rd-instar larvae＞2nd-instar larvae＞1st-instar larvae. The maximum predation capacities of female adults, 4th-instar and 3rd-instar larvae ofC. septempunctata on A. craccivora were 123.325, 200.359 and 75.352 individuals, respectively, indicating that the 4th-instar larvae and female adults ofC. septempunctata exhibit a strong predatory capacity against A. craccivora. The searching efficiency analysis revealed that the searching efficiency of C. septempunctata increased gradually with the decrease of prey density. Furthermore, the predation of C. septempunctata adults was interfered by their own density, and the interference effect of female adults was stronger than that of male adults. The predation efficiency results showed that when the prey density was 120 individuals per box, the searching time of female and male adults of C. septempunctata was only 2.47 s and 2.53 s, respectively, which was significantly shorter than that at the prey density of 40 individuals per box. The chewing duration of male adults was generally shorter than that of female adults. In conclusion,C. septempunctata exhibits strong pest control ability against A. craccivora, female adults and late-instar larvae of C. septempunctata can be used as a biological control agent for A. craccivora management.

关键词

豇豆 / 七星瓢虫 / 豇豆蚜 / 搜寻效应 / 种内干扰 / 捕食效率

Key words

Cowpea / Coccinella septempunctata / Aphis craccivora / Searching efficiency / Intraspecific interference / Predation efficiency

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基金资助

河南省科技攻关项目(252102111155)

国家自然科学基金(12305399)