In dynamic explosion tests, the random offset of the detonation center leads to variable incident directions of shock waves and a wide span of pressure amplitudes. This results in significant variations in the incident angle of the sensor and large fluctuations in the overpressure amplitude at measuring points. Conventional testing devices can hardly meet the requirements of both omnidirectional response and high-precision wide-range measurement simultaneously.To address the above engineering challenges, this paper develops a free-field shock wave overpressure testing device with dual adaptability in direction and range. The device adopts a “lollipop” structure and uses a spherical piezoelectric ceramic with a diameter of 15 mm as the sensing unit. By utilizing the uniform sensitivity characteristic of the spherical surface, an approximately omnidirectional response to overpressure within an incident angle range of ±90° is achieved. The signal conditioning module integrates a range adaptive control circuit, builds a four-channel parallel acquisition structure, and realizes the adaptive selection of the optimal range channel based on amplitude determination, which achieves a balance between the measurement accuracy in the low-pressure section and the overload resistance capacity in the high-pressure section, and realizes high-precision measurement and range adaptive matching of shock wave signals within a wide dynamic range. The performance of the device is verified by a combination of shock tube dynamic calibration and explosion tests. Experimental results show that the dynamic sensitivity of the sensor is 83.2 μV/Pa, and the sensitivity attenuation is less than 3% within the incident angle range of ±90°. Stable and reliable free-field overpressure measurement can still be realized under the conditions of random detonation center offset and large variations in shock wave intensity.This study provides a novel sensing technical solution for wide-range and omnidirectional shock wave measurement in dynamic explosions, and validates the feasibility and engineering practical value of the dual-adaptive sensing principle in explosion testing.
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