Aiming at the problems of traditional Discrete Fourier Transform channel estimation algorithms in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, such as fixed use of cyclic prefix length, severe energy leakage under non-integer delay channels, and insufficient noise suppression, an improved adaptive threshold DFT algorithm based on joint delay and signal-to-noise ratio estimation was proposed. Based on the initial least square estimation, the algorithm introduced the multiple signal classification super-resolution technology to achieve accurate estimation of channel multipath delays, and dynamically determined the optimal time-domain denoising window according to the actual maximum delay, thus getting rid of the dependence on fixed CP length. Based on the dynamic window, the pure signal interval and noise interval were re-divided, the signal power and noise power were accurately calculated to realize reliable SNR estimation, and the estimated SNR value was used as the core basis to construct an adaptive denoising threshold, and noise suppression and signal protection were completed through two-stage time-domain filtering. Finally, the final channel response was obtained through frequency-domain transformation and window function compensation. Simulation results show that under Rayleigh multipath fading channels, compared with the traditional DFT algorithm and fixed threshold algorithm, the mean square error and bit error rate are significantly reduced, and the performance improvement is particularly obvious in medium and high SNR and non-integer delay scenarios. The algorithm realizes the joint adaptive optimization of delay estimation, window length and denoising threshold, which effectively improves the channel estimation performance. However, affected by the characteristics of the MUSIC algorithm, the overall computational complexity is higher than that of traditional methods, which has certain limitations in delay-sensitive scenarios, and further research will focus on complexity optimization in the future.
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