IgA血管炎肾炎实验室标志物及预测模型研究进展

Research progress in laboratory markers and predictive models for IgA vasculitis nephritis

摘要

IgA血管炎是儿童最常见的血管炎，常累及皮肤、关节、胃肠道及肾脏。肾损伤是其最严重的并发症，约8%的患儿可能进展至肾功能衰竭。目前，肾活检虽为诊断金标准，但由于其侵入性及在儿童中实施难度较大，难以广泛开展。因此，寻找无创、可靠的生物标志物并构建预测模型，对于早期识别疾病、评估活动性及判断预后具有重要意义。本文系统综述了IgA血管炎肾炎相关血液、尿液及遗传标志物在疾病诊断、活动度评估及预后预测中的潜在应用价值，梳理了IgA血管炎肾炎预测模型从传统统计方法向机器学习算法的演进历程，剖析了现有模型的局限，并对未来研究方向进行了前瞻性展望。

Abstract

IgA vasculitis is the most common vasculitis in children, often involving the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. Kidney damage is the most serious complication, and about 8% of children may progress to renal failure. At present, although kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, it is difficult to carry out it widely due to its invasiveness and difficulty when performed in children. Therefore, finding non-invasive and reliable biomarkers and constructing predictive models are of great significance for early disease identification, activity assessment, and prognosis judgment. This paper systematically reviews the potential application value of blood, urine and genetic markers related to IgA vasculitis nephritis(IgAVN) in disease diagnosis, activity assessment and prognosis prediction, sorts out the evolution of IgAVN prediction model from traditional statistical methods to machine learning algorithms, analyzes the limitations of existing models, and makes a prospective outlook for future research directions.

关键词

IgA血管炎肾炎 / 生物标志物 / 预测模型 / 儿童

Key words

IgA vasculitis nephritis / Biomarkers / Prediction model / Child

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