中医药防治小儿传染病的理论探析
Theoretical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in children
儿童是传染病的高发易感群体,传染病的流行对其身心健康具有不良影响。中医认为传染病是感受时行疫疠毒邪引起的病症,病机以湿、热毒邪蕴结为核心。中医药防治小儿传染病始终围绕“攻邪”与“扶正”两大治法进行不断探索、争鸣与融合。本文系统梳理两宋至新中国历代医家论著与临证医案,旨在厘清其核心治疗理念的发展演变规律。研究表明,历代医家的学术突破与创新,均根植于对小儿脏腑娇嫩、形气未充的生理特点,与疫毒峻猛酷烈、传变迅速的致病特性之间矛盾的深刻认知。医家们在攻邪与扶正、祛毒与固本之间寻求动态平衡,逐步构建起儿科疫病辨证论治体系。本文总结古今中医药防治小儿传染病的相关理论,以期为现代小儿传染病防治工作提供新思路与理论支撑。
Children are a high-risk and susceptible group for infectious diseases, and the prevalence of infectious diseases has adverse effects on their physical and mental health. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that infectious diseases are caused by the accumulation of pathogenic factors such as dampness and heat during the perception of epidemic diseases. The prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in children with traditional Chinese medicine has always revolved around the two major treatment methods of "attacking evil qi" and "reinforcing healthy qi", constantly exploring, contending, and integrating them. This article systematically reviews the medical treatises and clinical cases of medical practitioners from the Song Dynasty to the New China, aiming to clarify the development and evolution of this core treatment concept. Researches have shown that the academic breakthroughs and innovations of medical practitioners throughout history are rooted in a profound understanding of the contradiction between the delicate and underdeveloped physiological characteristics of children's organs and the fierce and rapid pathogenic characteristics of epidemics. Medical professionals seek a dynamic balance between attacking evil qi and reinforcing healthy qi, eliminating toxins and consolidating the foundation, gradually building a system of differential diagnosis and treatment for pediatric diseases. This article summarizes the relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in children, aiming to provide new ideas and theoretical support for modern prevention and treatment practice in pediatric infectious diseases.
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全国中医临床优秀人才研修项目(国中医药人教函〔2022〕239号)
2025年度吉林省高教科研课题(JGJX25D0314)
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