基于 SART 与 SMM 的飞行机组团队情境意识量化模型构建

Construction of a quantitative model of flight crew team situation awareness based on SART and SMM

摘要

为同时表征飞行机组成员的个体情境意识（ISA，individual situation awareness）与团队协同状态，本文构建一种团队情境意识（TSA，team situation awareness）量化模型选取66名飞行员开展高仿真模拟飞行实验，采用情境意识评定技术（SART，situation awareness rating technique）量表和共享心智模型（SMM，shared mental model）问卷分别测量主飞飞行员和监控飞行员的ISA与团队协同状态，并据此构建团队个体情境意识基础与团队协同系数，计算TSA综合得分，开展场景差异、指标相关性和权重敏感性分析结果表明：正常进近场景下的TSA综合得分显著高于可控飞行撞地和低空风切变场景下的TSA综合得分；团队个体情境意识基础与团队协同系数呈正相关，但二者未表现出高度一致；当团队个体情境意识基础的权重在0.1～0.9范围内调整时，场景比较结论保持一致本研究所构建模型兼顾成员个体认知基础与团队协同信息，可为飞行机组TSA的量化评价提供参考。

Abstract

To characterize both the individual situation awareness (ISA) and the team coordination state of flight crew members, a quantitative team situation awareness (TSA) model is constructed in this paper. Sixty-six pilots were selected for a high-fidelity flight simulation experiment. The situation awareness rating technique (SART) scale and the shared mental model (SMM) questionnaire were used to measure the ISA and team coordination states of the pilot flying and the pilot monitoring, respectively. On this basis, a team-level individual situation awareness basis and a team coordination coefficient were constructed, and the TSA composite scores were calculated. The scenario differences, indicator correlations and weight sensitivity were then analyzed. The results show that the TSA composite scores in the normal approach scenario are significantly higher than those in the controlled flight into terrain and low-level wind shear scenarios. The team-level individual situation awareness basis is positively correlated with the team coordination coefficient, but the two are not highly consistent. When the weight of the team-level individual situation awareness basis is adjusted within the range of 0.1~0.9, the conclusions of the scenario comparison remain unchanged. The model constructed in this study takes into account both the individual cognitive basis of the members and the team coordination information, and can provide a reference for the quantitative evaluation of flight crew TSA.

关键词

团队情境意识(TSA) / 个体情境意识(ISA) / 共享心智模型(SMM) / 团队协同 / 飞行机组

Key words

team situation awareness (TSA) / individual situation awareness (ISA) / shared mental model (SMM) / team coordination / flight crew

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基金资助

中国商飞-中航大大飞机研究院 2026 年度创新研究基金项目(202604)