焊前预热对防喷器用 ANSI4130材料接头组织及性能的影响

Influence of Preheating Before Welding on the Microstructure and Properties of ANSI4130 Material Joints for Blowout Preventers

摘要

ANSI4130钢因其优异的强度与冲击韧性,广泛应用于石油防喷器制造。系统研究了不同焊前预热温度(100、200、300 ℃)对 ANSI4130钢 MAG 焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,接头物相组成主要为α相,焊接接头熔合区组织主要为珠光体和铁素体,热影响区组织主要为马氏体和贝氏体。预热温度为 200 ℃ 时,焊接接头综合性能最优,硬度值为245.4HV,接近母材水平;拉伸性能表现突出,伸长率达18.2%,抗拉强度为679.7 MPa,断裂形式为微孔聚集型韧性断裂;焊缝区冲击功达133.3J,冲击断裂形式为解理断裂,显示出较好的韧性。该预热工艺有效缓解了热影响区的硬化与软化问题,为防喷器的安全服役提供了工艺保障。

Abstract

ANSI4130 steel is widely utilized in the manufacture of petroleum blowout preventers due to its excellent strength and impact toughness. This study systematically investigated the effects of different preheating temperatures (100, 200, and 300 ℃) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MAG-welded joints of ANSI4130 steel. The results indicate that the phase composition of the joint is primarily α-phase. The microstructure of the fusion zone in the welded joint mainly consists of pearlite and ferrite, while the heat-affected zone is predominantly composed of martensite and bainite. At a preheating temperature of 200 ℃, the welded joint exhibits optimal comprehensive performance, with a hardness value of 245.4 HV, approaching that of the base material. The tensile property is outstanding, with an elongation of 18.2% and a tensile strength of 679.7 MPa. The fracture mode is microvoid coalescence-induced ductile fracture. The impact energy in the weld zone reaches 133.3 J, and the impact fracture mode is cleavage fracture, demonstrating good toughness. This optimized preheating process effectively mitigates hardening and softening in the heat-affected zone, providing process guarantees for the safety of blowout preventers.

关键词

ANSI4130 / 保护气氛 / 焊前预热 / 微观组织 / 力学性能

Key words

ANSI4130 / protective atmosphere / weld preheating / microstructure / mechanical property

参考文献

[1] 周四祥. 闸板防喷器密封失效原因及对策分析[J]. 化工管理, 2014(14): 208.

[2] 李三平. 国产防喷器生产技术现状及发展趋势[J]. 石油科技论坛, 2006(4): 54.

[3] 李立英. ASTM4130钢焊接热影响区组织与性能研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2011: 1-12.

[4] 郭慧英, 张宇, 何玉春, 等. CrMo耐热钢气体保护焊接接头焊缝金属的组织与性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2015, 40(2): 60-64.

[5] 史献营. 中碳调质钢焊接中的问题及工艺措施[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2015(7): 134-136.

[6] 李红, 闫维嘉, 张禹, 等. 先进航空材料焊接过程热裂纹研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(2): 50-61.

[7] 裘建华, 俞海涛, 高玲丽. 钢结构高强钢焊接冷裂纹的产生机理及防止措施[J]. 电焊机, 2021, 51(7): 104-107.

[8] Hu Lianhai, Huang Jian, Li Zhuguo, et al. Effects of preheating temperature on cold cracks,microstructures and properties of high power laser hybrid welded 10Ni3CrMoV steel[J]. Materials & Design, 2011, 32(4): 1931-1939.

[9] 冯勇. 焊前预热的作用及冷高压设备焊前预热温度的确定[J]. 石油化工腐蚀与防护, 2022, 39(1): 28-31.