考虑检测延时的构网型逆变器有功降额低压穿越控制策略

Active Power Derating Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride Through of Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Detection Delay

摘要

针对构网型逆变器(Grid-Forming Inverters,GFMI)低压穿越(Low Voltage Ride Through,LVRT)过程中的暂态失稳风险,以及现有研究未将检测延时纳入分析框架、难以兼顾系统稳定性与输出性能的不足,提出考虑检测延时的 GFMI有功降额 LVRT 控制策略。基于虚拟同步机控制构建 GFMI暂态模型,采用等面积定则分析策略的稳定机理与作用边界,通过硬件在环实验平台开展多工况测试,探究外部环境与内部控制参数对策略有效性及极限检测延时的影响规律。结果表明:该策略可通过故障后主动下调有功功率指令值维持系统同步稳定,标准工况下系统极限检测延时为40ms;电压暂降深度、电网强度、虚拟转动惯量与有功降额值均对极限检测延时存在显著影响。该策略可有效实现 GFMI低压穿越,检测延时与策略有效性强耦合,工程应用中需结合严苛工况优化参数,平衡暂态稳定性能与有功输出能力。

Abstract

Aiming at the transient instability risk of grid-forming inverters (GFMI) during low voltage ride through (LVRT), as well as the deficiencies of existing researches in not including detection delay in the analysis framework, which makes it difficult to balance system stability and output performance, an active power derating LVRT control strategy for GFMI considering detection delay was proposed. A transient model of GFMI was established based on virtual synchronous generator control. The equal area criterion was adopted to analyze the stability mechanism and action boundary of the proposed strategy. Multi-condition tests were carried out on a hardware in the HIL experimental platform, and the influence laws of external environment and internal control parameters on the effectiveness of the strategy and the limit detection delay were explored. The results show that the strategy can maintain the synchronous stability of the system by actively reducing the active power command value after faults, and the limit detection delay of the system under standard working conditions is 40 ms. The depth of voltage sag, grid strength, virtual moment of inertia and active power derating value all have significant impacts on the limit detection delay. This strategy can effectively realize the LVRT of GFMI, and the detection delay is strongly coupled with the effectiveness of the strategy. In engineering applications, parameters should be optimized in combination with severe working conditions to balance transient stability performance and active power output capacity.

关键词

构网型逆变器 / 低压穿越 / 检测延时 / 虚拟同步机

Key words

grid-forming inverters / low voltage ride through / detection delay / virtual synchronous generator

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基金资助

河北省省级科技计划项目(21341801D)

河北省分布式能源应用技术创新中心项目(225676132H)

石家庄铁道大学研究生创新创业项目(YC202644)