深部含结构面岩体动力扰动破坏特性试验研究

Experimental Study on Failure Characteristics of Deep Rock Mass with Structural Planes Under Dynamic Disturbance

摘要

深埋隧道的稳定性受原生结构面、高应力环境、爆破损伤和动力扰动等多因素共同影响，不同扰动方向下岩体的失稳机理尚不明确。以钻爆法隧道开挖过程中发生的结构面控制型岩爆为工程背景，依据现场实测地应力为不同结构面倾角下的静态及扰动真三轴试验，系统分析含结构面岩石在不同扰动方向下的力学性质、裂纹演化及破坏模式。结果表明，中间主应力方向扰动使峰值强度降低1.32％~7.41％，并增强剪切破坏，而最小主应力方向扰动则更易促使裂纹扩展与聚集，使峰值强度降低4.61％~11.11％，并诱发张拉破坏。结构面倾角与动力扰动共同控制岩石的储能与失稳特征：倾角为 60°的试样虽更易失稳但岩爆效应较弱，倾角为80°的试样失稳阈值较高但可释放大量动能易诱发强烈岩爆。除倾角为 60^∘ 外，含结构面试样普遍具有更高的储能极限和更大的破坏难度。

Abstract

The stability of deep-buried tunnels is jointly affected by multiple factors，including inherent structural planes，high in-situ stress，blasting damage，and dynamic disturbances，while the instability mechanisms of surrounding rock under different disturbance directions remain unclear. Taking the structural plane-controlled rockburst during tunnel excavation by the drill-and-blast method as the engineering background，static and disturbed true triaxial tests were conducted on tunnel surrounding rocks containing natural structural planes with different dip angles，based on in-situ stress measurements.The mechanical properties，crack evolution，and failure modes of rock containing structural planes under various disturbance directions were systematically analyzed.The results show that disturbances in the σ₂ direction reduce the peak strength by 1.32%∼7.41% and enhance shear failure，whereas disturbances in the σ₃ direction more readily promote crack propagation and coalescence，reducing the peak strength by 4.61％~11.11％and inducing tensile failure.The dip angle of the structural plane and the dynamic disturbance jointly govern the energy storage and instability characteristics of the rock.Specimens with a dip angle of 60° are more prone to instability but exhibit weaker rockburst effects，while those with a dip angle of 80^∘ have a higher instability threshold but can release substantial kinetic energy，making strong rockbursts more likely.Except for the 60° case， specimens containing structural planes generally show a higher energy-storage limit and greater failure resistance.

关键词

扰动真三轴 / 深埋隧道 / 结构面 / 岩爆 / 破坏特性

Key words

disturbed true-triaxial test / deep-buried tunnel / structural plane / rockburst / failure characteristics

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年资助项目A类(52525808)