VHF/UHF频段小型化军用头盔共形天线设计

Design of Miniaturized Military Helmet Conformal Antennas for VHF/UHF Bands

摘要

针对 VHF/UHF频段军用通信对天线小型化与宽带化的迫切需求,设计了一款基于聚酰亚胺柔性基板的头盔共形超宽带可穿戴天线。采用等体积法将椭球形头盔等效为半径11.15cm 的球体,据此确立了天线在120mm×110mm×4mm 物理空间内的尺寸约束。天线以平面单极子结构为原型,通过共面波导馈电,并利用控制变量法对辐射贴片长度、宽度及底部切角等关键几何参数进行了系统优化,实现了优异的阻抗匹配。基于 HFSS平台的仿真结果表明,该天线工作频率覆盖 70~900 MHz,在全频段内满足回波损耗S₁₁≤ -10dB 且驻波比VSWR≤2;辐射场在E面与 H 面均呈现良好的水平全向性。通过表面电流分布分析,揭示了电流路径随频率演变的自适应调节机制。利用圆柱弯曲模型验证了天线在头盔曲率下的共形鲁棒性。该设计兼具小尺寸、轻量化与辐射性能稳定的优势,为军用穿戴式通信设备的工程化应用提供了一种高效方案。

Abstract

To meet the urgent demands for miniaturization and broadband performance in VHF/UHF military communications, a helmet-conformal ultra-wideband wearable antenna based on a polyimide flexible substrate was designed. The ellipsoidal helmet was equated to a sphere with a radius of 11.15 cm using the equal volume method, and based on this, a physical size constraint of 120 mm × 110 mm × 4 mm was established. The antenna originated from a planar monopole structure and was fed by a coplanar waveguide. Through the systematic optimization of key geometric parameters including the patch length, width, and bottom corner angle using the control variable method, excellent impedance matching was achieved. Simulation results based on the HFSS platform indicate that the antenna operates across the 70 ~ 900 MHz band, maintaining return loss S11 ≤ -10 dB and VSWR ≤ 2 throughout the entire range. The radiation patterns exhibit stable horizontal omnidirectionality in both E and H planes. Surface current distribution analysis reveals the adaptive mechanism of the current path evolving with frequency. Furthermore, a cylindrical bending model verifies the conformal robustness of the antenna under helmet curvature. This design balances small size, light weight, and radiation stability, providing an efficient engineering solution for military wearable communication devices.

关键词

VHF/UHF 频段 / 军用头盔 / 共形天线 / 小型化 / 表面电流分析

Key words

VHF/UHF bands / military helmet / conformal antenna / miniaturization / surface current analysis

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