基于心理负荷的通航飞机平视显示设计

张宁宁; 卜天泽; 任宏

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1248.2023.05.011

沈阳航空航天大学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5) : 82 -89. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1248.2023.05.011

信息科学与工程

基于心理负荷的通航飞机平视显示设计

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Head-up display design of general aviation aircraft based on mental workload

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摘要

通用航空驾驶舱显示界面是飞行员获取飞机信息的主要载体，飞行员心理负荷的大小是驾驶舱显示界面优化设计的有效依据。被试者飞行员在六自由度动感模拟飞行平台上执行五边飞行任务，针对飞行员心理负荷的变化展开研究。采用眼动测量法和主观评价法对被试者心理负荷进行评估，记录被试者的眼动数据，在飞行作业结束后填写NASA-TLX量表。采用单因素方差分析法对实验结果进行分析，结果表明，五边飞行任务下飞行员心理负荷存在显著性差异。综合主观评价与眼动数据，得到不同飞行阶段对飞行员心理负荷的影响，进而得到飞行员执行五边飞行任务注意力分配的规律。通过优化设计平视显示来降低飞行员的心理负荷，得到通用航空平视显示后续优化设计方向。

Abstract

The cockpit display interface of general aviation is the main carrier for pilots to obtain aircraft information，and the mental workload of pilots is an effective basis for optimizing the design of the cockpit display interface. The airfield traffic pattern task was performed by the testing pilots on a six degree of freedom dynamic simulation flight platform，and the research on the changes in pilots' mental workloads was conducted. The eye movement measurement method and subjective evaluation method were used to evaluate the mental workload of the pilots whose eye movement data were recorded and filled out the NASA-TLX scale after the flight operation. The one-way ANOVA method was used to analyze the experimental results，and the results showed that there were significant differences in the mental workload of pilots under the airfield traffic pattern task. By integrating subjective evaluation and eye movement data，the impact of different flight stages on the mental workloads of pilots was obtained，and then the pattern of attention allocation for pilots performing pentagonal flight tasks was obtained. By optimizing the design of the head-up display，the mental workload on pilots can be reduced and the subsequent optimization design direction of the general aviation head up display is obtained.