基于心理负荷的通航飞机平视显示设计
Head-up display design of general aviation aircraft based on mental workload
通用航空驾驶舱显示界面是飞行员获取飞机信息的主要载体,飞行员心理负荷的大小是驾驶舱显示界面优化设计的有效依据。被试者飞行员在六自由度动感模拟飞行平台上执行五边飞行任务,针对飞行员心理负荷的变化展开研究。采用眼动测量法和主观评价法对被试者心理负荷进行评估,记录被试者的眼动数据,在飞行作业结束后填写NASA-TLX量表。采用单因素方差分析法对实验结果进行分析,结果表明,五边飞行任务下飞行员心理负荷存在显著性差异。综合主观评价与眼动数据,得到不同飞行阶段对飞行员心理负荷的影响,进而得到飞行员执行五边飞行任务注意力分配的规律。通过优化设计平视显示来降低飞行员的心理负荷,得到通用航空平视显示后续优化设计方向。
The cockpit display interface of general aviation is the main carrier for pilots to obtain aircraft information,and the mental workload of pilots is an effective basis for optimizing the design of the cockpit display interface. The airfield traffic pattern task was performed by the testing pilots on a six degree of freedom dynamic simulation flight platform,and the research on the changes in pilots' mental workloads was conducted. The eye movement measurement method and subjective evaluation method were used to evaluate the mental workload of the pilots whose eye movement data were recorded and filled out the NASA-TLX scale after the flight operation. The one-way ANOVA method was used to analyze the experimental results,and the results showed that there were significant differences in the mental workload of pilots under the airfield traffic pattern task. By integrating subjective evaluation and eye movement data,the impact of different flight stages on the mental workloads of pilots was obtained,and then the pattern of attention allocation for pilots performing pentagonal flight tasks was obtained. By optimizing the design of the head-up display,the mental workload on pilots can be reduced and the subsequent optimization design direction of the general aviation head up display is obtained.
通用航空 / 仪表界面 / 心理负荷 / 眼动 / 平视显示
general aviation / instrument interface / mental workload / eye movement / head-up display
| [1] |
孙崇勇.心理负荷测量方法的现状与发展趋势[J].人类工效学,2012,18(2):88-92. |
| [2] |
常赫.不同飞行阶段飞行员使用HUD的行为模式及认知绩效研究[D].天津:中国民航大学,2018. |
| [3] |
陆崑,卫宗敏,庄达民,飞机驾驶舱显示界面脑力负荷判别预测生理模型[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(4):685-693. |
| [4] |
完颜笑如,庄达民,芦莎莎,与飞行任务相关的认知负荷对听觉事件相关电位的影响[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(6):995-1002. |
| [5] |
冯传宴,完颜笑如,刘双,负荷条件下注意力分配策略对情境意识的影响[J].航空学报,2020,41(3):124-133. |
| [6] |
白杰,冯传宴,杨坤.飞行员脑力负荷生理测量方法研究进展[J].航天医学与医学工程,2016,29(2):150-156. |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
王群,解芳,魏中亮,驾驶舱显示界面文字编码工效学实验研究[J].车辆与动力技术,2015(1):27-30,59. |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
俞雨晨.基于人—机—环的HUD自适应显示视场设计[D].南京:东南大学,2019. |
| [12] |
张智君.心理负荷的主观评定技术[J].心理科学进展,1993,1(3):6-13,24. |
| [13] |
孙崇勇,刘电芝.认知负荷主观评价量表比较[J].心理科学,2013,36(1):194-201. |
| [14] |
周鹏生.眼动实验中的操作和数据统计[J].中国现代教育装备,2009(11):43-45. |
| [15] |
靳慧斌,陈健,刘文辉,眼动指标在实时测量心理负荷中的应用进展[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(30):79-85. |
| [16] |
卫宗敏,完颜笑如,庄达民.飞机座舱显示界面脑力负荷测量与评价[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,40(1):86-91. |
| [17] |
戴金辉,袁靖.单因素方差分析与多元线性回归分析检验方法的比较[J].统计与决策,2016(9):23-26. |
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
范晓丽,周前祥,柳忠起,基于视觉搜索的飞机显示界面设计原则[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2015,41(2):216-221. |
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJCZH227)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |