The damage mechanism of fiber reinforced resin matrix composites is complex.To ensure long-term stable application,advanced health monitoring technology must be used to monitor the damage.A sensor based on carbon nanopaper can sensitively monitor resistance changes and impact damage on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)composite.A damage monitoring system based on an artificial neural network (ANN) deep-learning algorithm was designed.Through data analysis,the system could effectively monitor the occurrence and location of CFRP damage for a long time,and the damage location accuracy was as high as 92%.It can be inferred that the damage monitoring system can evaluate the health status of composite materials.
人工神经网络是指从信息处理的角度对人脑神经元网络进行抽象模拟,建立某种简单模型,按不同的连接方式组成不同的网络[24]。ANN主要分为输入层、隐藏层、输出层3个部分。将数据由输入层输入,在隐藏层中进行一系列的推导演算,得出的结果在输出层显示出来。在人工神经网络算法中,信号通过非线性函数(激活函数)传输[25-26]。S形函数和校正线性单元(rectified Linear Units,ReLU)函数主要用作激活函数。根据激活函数信号的各自特性对其进行分类。
利用全自动比表面积和孔径分析仪测得碳纳米纸的孔径大多在10~45 nm,因此碳纳米纸本身具有高渗透性,有利于树脂的润湿。碳纳米纸的扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)图像如图4所示。从图4中可以清楚地看到碳纳米纸中碳纳米管的重叠状态和碳纳米管之间的孔结构,且碳纳米管的分布非常均匀,没有明显的团聚现象。碳纳米纸的孔结构表明,树脂可以渗透到这种结构中,并形成树脂基体的3D交联网络。碳纳米纸独特的结构有助于电荷转移,促进高导电性的形成,为传感器的实际应用奠定良好的基础。
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