To address the drawback of traditional painting trajectory planning algorithm requiring extensive searching for nearest point pairs,a initial trajectory point extraction algorithm based on the point cloud thin-slicing technology was proposed.This algorithm determined slice thickness by calcula-ting the density of the point cloud model and designated points on the slice as initial trajectory points, thus improving operational efficiency by avoiding point pair searches. To tackle issues such as insufficient trajectory precision and excessive curvature caused by traditional linear interpolation algorithm, a trajectory fitting algorithm was introduced. This algorithm firstly maped trajectory points in three-dimensional space to a two-dimensional coordinate system and utilized the isolation forest algorithm to eliminate outlier trajectory points,followed by combining curve fitting methods for trajectory planning. Experimental results demonstrate that the trajectories planned by this algorithm exhibit higher precision and smoothness, while also enhancing the overall efficiency of the algorithm.
使用本文的多项式法对轨迹曲线进行拟合,通过构建一个最小二乘问题来求解多项式拟合的系数。具体而言,首先对于每个分段,构建一个的矩阵 A 和一个n维向量 b,其中n为该分段中点的个数,m为选取的多项式阶数。矩阵 A 的每一行为该点x值的不同次方,向量 b 为该点的y值。然后,通过使用 QR 分解的方法,求解该分段的多项式系数,存储到系数向量 c 中。具体的 QR 分解公式为,其中 Q 是一个的正交矩阵,满足, R 是一个的上三角矩阵。将矩阵 A 和向量 b 代入方程中,可以得到,并通过回代求解得到 c。时间复杂度为,其中k表示分段数目。在生成拟合轨迹点时,将轨迹点按照一定步长进行插值处理,并使用拟合后的函数计算插值点的纵坐标。其中生成的插值点法向量与其最近的初始轨迹点法向量近似相等。最后,用线性插值点连接每段轨迹间隔,再将每条轨迹进行首尾顺序连接,完成整体的喷漆轨迹规划。
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