太阳能无人机发展及其能源系统和气动布局综述

Review of the development of solar-powered drones and their energy systems and aerodynamic configuration

摘要

从太阳能无人机研究情况、能源系统和气动布局3个方面进行综述，旨在为实现太阳能无人机“永久”飞行提供指导。研究历程方面，Sunglider以其80 m翼展成为目前已知最大的太阳能无人机，Helios保持的29 500 m飞行高度记录至今未被打破，PHASA-35以其40 m/s的速度成为飞行最快的太阳能无人机。太阳能无人机的载荷比正稳步提高，我国的彩虹T4的载荷比约为0. 286，仅次于Helios的0. 457。能源系统方面，砷化镓薄膜多结电池以其高达33. 6%的转换效率成为未来应用的重点。锂硫电池是能量密度最高的电池，能量密度高达650 Wh/kg，但其稳定性需进一步改进。气动布局方面，飞翼布局的气动效率较好，但稳定性不高且操作性较差，未来研究方向是在优化稳定性和操作性的同时保持其气动效率。

Abstract

A comprehensive review of the research progress of solar-powered drones，energy systems，and aerodynamic configuration was provided，aiming to guide the perpetual flight of solar-powered drones.In terms of research history，Sunglider has become the largest known solar-powered drones with a wingspan of 80 m，while the 29 500 m flight altitude record set by Helios remains unbroken to this day.PHASA-35 has become the fastest solar-powered drone with its top speed of 40 m/s.The payload ratio of solar-powered drones is steadily increasing，with China's Rainbow T4 having a payload ratio of approximately 0. 286，second only to Helios at 0. 457.In terms of energy systems gallium arsenide thin-film multi-junction batteries，with an efficiency of up to 33. 6% are the focus of future applications.Lithium-sulfur batteries，with an energy density of 650 Wh/kg are the highest energy-density storage batteries，but their stability issues require further research and improvement.In terms of aerodynamic configuration，the flying wing configuration has a high aerodynamic efficiency，but it has lower stability and poor controllability.The future research direction is to optimize the stability and operability while maintaining its aerodynamic efficiency.

关键词

太阳能无人机 / “永久”飞行 / 载荷比 / 能源系统 / 气动布局

Key words

solar-powered drones / perpetual flight / payload ratio / energy systems / aerodynamic configuration

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(12064027)

2022年江西省高层次高技能领军人才培养工程入选项目(0063)

九江市“浔城英才”项目(JJXC2023032)

九江市基础研究计划项目(2025)