In order to investigate the drag reduction characteristics of groove structure,triangular and trapezoidal grooves with different dimensions were selected and simulation comparison on the drag reduction characteristics of flat models with two-dimensional transverse,three-dimensional transverse and three-dimensional longitudinal groove arrangements were carried out. The results show that the groove structure can generate low-speed fluid at the bottom of the groove. The low-speed fluid in the transverse groove can act as a rolling bearing. The drag reduction mechanism of the longitudinal groove can be explained from the perspective of protrusion height theory. The low-speed fluid in the grooves reduces the near-wall velocity gradient,thereby reducing friction drag. The groove structure can effectively reduce the turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress,leading to a reduction in viscous drag. The drag reduction effects of the two-dimensional transverse and the three-dimensional transverse groove model is similar,whereas longitudinal grooves exhibit a higher drag reduction rate than transverse grooves. Moreover,trapezoidal grooves achieve a higher drag reduction rate than triangular grooves. The optimal groove dimensions are a width of 0.1mm and a depth of 0.1mm,yielding a maximum drag reduction rate of 18.57%.
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