湿热环境下某型电动飞机复合材料蒙皮失稳破坏行为
Instability failure behavior of composite material skins of a certain type of electric aircraft under hygrothermal environment
为了验证某型电动飞机复合材料蒙皮在湿热环境下的力学性能是否满足设计要求,利用环境箱模拟真实的工作环境,并完成试验件的高温湿热状态调节。在常温干态(room-temperature dry state,RTD)与高温湿态(elevated-temperature wet state,ETW)两种环境下对比试验件失效模式及结构强度,监测试验件的应变随压缩载荷变化规律,分析湿热环境对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,试验件推荐的结构最高使用温度限制为71 ℃,最低温度为-54 ℃,相对湿度为85%RH。虽然ETW环境下结构的强度与刚度都被大幅度削减,但依然符合适航验证要求。高温湿态的影响导致纤维与基体之间的协同工作能力减弱,无法高效配合以共同承担载荷并抵抗变形,所以试验件的破坏模式与RTD环境相比更加复杂多样。研究结果为优化环境调节方案、制定环境设计准则、完成适航验证规划提供数据支撑,为飞机在复杂环境下的复合材料结构设计提供关键技术参考。
To verify whether the mechanical properties of the composite skin of a certain type of electric aircraft meet the design requirements under hot and humid environments, an environmental chamber was used to simulate the actual operating conditions, and the conditioning of test specimens under elevated-temperature and wet conditions was completed. for composite foam sandwich structure wing skin instability test specimens from a certain type of aircraft, the environmental chamber simulation technology was adopted. The elevated temperature wet (ETW) conditioning was completed during the preliminary assessment of test conditions. Comparative analysis of failure modes and structural strength was conducted under both room temperature dry (RTD) and ETW environments. The strain variation with compressive load was monitored, and the influence of the hygrothermal environment on the mechanical properties of composite materials was analyzed. The results indicate that the recommended maximum service temperature for the structure of this test specimen is 71 ℃, with a minimum temperature of -54 °C and a relative humidity of 85% RH. Post-test analysis reveals that although both the strength and stiffness of the structure are significantly reduced under ETW environments, they still meet the airworthiness verification requirements. Due to the influence of the ETW environment, the collaborative working ability between the fibers and the matrix is weakened, and they can’t efficiently cooperate to jointly bear the load and resist deformation. Therefore, the failure modes of the test specimen under the ETW environment exhibit greater complexity and diversity compared to those observed under the RTD environment. The results provide data support for optimizing the environmental conditioning scheme, establishing environmental design criteria, and completing the airworthiness verification plan, while offering critical technical references for designing composite structure in aircraft operating under complex environmental conditions.
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