薄壁铝合金整流罩成形工艺
Forming process of thin-walled aluminum alloy fairing
为解决铝合金钣金件常温成形过程易出现的开裂、起皱、精度低等问题,实现整流罩零件低成本、高精度成形,通过对低塑性、低强度2A11薄壁铝合金复杂结构零件常温深拉伸及压型工艺研究,采用现场试验结合钣金零件成形原理的方式,对壁厚1.0~2.0 mm、拉伸比0.62的铝合金整流罩进行橡皮囊成形工艺及钢模压型成形分析。通过分段成形、参数迭代优化,研究了拉伸速率、升压速率、润滑条件等对拉伸成形质量的影响;通过热处理试验,研究淬火工艺对铝合金压型成形工艺的影响。通过上述研究,成功实现了壁厚1.0~2.0 mm的铝合金整流罩深拉伸成形,有效抑制了起皱与开裂问题;通过对固溶热处理参数(温度495~500 ℃、时间35~40 min)优化后,解决了加强筋压型裂纹问题。橡皮囊成形结合分段参数优化可显著提升薄壁铝合金零件成形质量,淬火工艺精准调控是完成整流罩加强筋型面无损压型的关键。
To solve the problems of cracking, wrinkling, and low precision in aluminum alloy sheet metal parts formed at room temperature, and to achieve low-cost, high-precision forming of fairing components, a study was conducted on deep stretching and pressing forming processes of thin-walled, complex structural components made of low-plasticity, low-strength 2A11 aluminum alloy at room temperature. By combining field experiments and sheet metal forming principles, an analysis of the rubber pad forming process and steel die pressing forming for an aluminum alloy fairing with a wall thickness of 1.0—2.0 mm and a stretching ratio of 0.62 was performed. Through segmented forming and iterative parameter optimization, the influence of parameters such as stretching speed, pressurization rate, and lubrication conditions on the quality of the stretching process was investigated. The impact of the quenching process on the aluminum alloy pressing forming process was studied through heat treatment experiments. This research successfully achieved deep stretching forming of the aluminum alloy fairing with a wall thickness of 1.0—2.0 mm at room temperature, effectively suppressing wrinkling and cracking. Furthermore, the problem of cracking in the stiffeners during pressing was resolved by optimizing the solution heat treatment parameters (temperature: 495—500 °C, time: 35—40 min). The results indicate that rubber pad forming combined with segmented parameter optimization significantly improves the forming quality of thin-walled aluminum alloy components, and precise control of the quenching process is key to achieving defect-free pressing of the fairing’s stiffener surfaces.
| [1] |
中国航空材料手册编委会. 中国航空材料手册 第3卷 铝合金 镁合金[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002. |
| [2] |
唐登毅,游江海,卢永红, |
| [3] |
吴新星,范家春,邢阳, |
| [4] |
仇建桐,邓沛然,邵威, |
| [5] |
黑爱卿,李钰,邓全得, |
| [6] |
朱明华.面向精准装配的钣金零件成形关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2016. |
| [7] |
涂集林.铝合金薄板橡皮囊液压成形屈服机理与控制[D].西安:西北工业大学,2016. |
| [8] |
宋冠华,王辉,王瑞, |
| [9] |
谷立萍.橡皮囊成形有限元建模模块开发与工艺参数研究[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2020. |
| [10] |
李晓东,徐雪峰,华如雨, |
| [11] |
谢邵辉.橡皮囊液压成形模拟算法的开发及应用[J].塑性工程学报,2011,18(4):63-68. |
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
韩志仁.钣金成形毛坯展开方法研究进展[J].塑性工程学报,2009,16(1):6-11. |
| [15] |
许宁,王鹏,夏建生, |
国家重大专项(2020-06-002)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |