To enhance the output performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in the intermediate-to-low temperature range (800—350 ℃),undoped Ba2In2O5 was applied for the first time to SOFC power generation units, and the effect of this special layered structure on the electrochemical performance of the cells was systematically investigated.Experimental results demonstrate that the layered structure provides ideal channels for synergistic and efficient transport of oxygen ions and protons. The SOFC employing this material as electrolyte achieved a remarkable power density of 567 mW·cm-2 at 550 ℃ while maintaining effective output performance even at 150 ℃. Material characterization revealed dual oxygen ion-proton conductivity above 450 ℃, with predominant proton conduction in the low-temperature regime below 450 ℃.Through XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy analyses, the formation of intrinsic oxygen vacancies under elevated temperatures was observed, with their impact on ionic conduction properties thoroughly investigated. It was established that the distinctive brownmillerite structure of BIO enables its exceptional performance as a medium-low temperature SOFC electrolyte material, providing a promising candidate material for advancing low-temperature operation of SOFCs.
采用X射线衍射仪(XRD,DX-2700BH,Cu Kα靶,λ=1.540 Å)对样品的晶体结构进行表征。使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM,JEM-F200)对所制备的BIO样品的微观结构和形貌进行表征。采用X射线电子能谱(XPS, Thermo-Fisher Scientific-ESCALAB 250Xi instrument equipped with an Al Ka monochromated X-ray source)对Ba2In2O5粉末样品进行表面成分和电子态分析。使用拉曼光谱仪(Raman,Qonto)对Ba2In2O5粉末样品进行晶体结构和氧空位的表征。
为了分析BIO的导电特性、氧空位浓度、化学组态及表面特性,了解影响电池性能的因素,在室温下对经550 ℃、O2气氛下煅烧后的BIO样品进行 XPS测试,结果如图5a—5c所示。从图5a中可以看出,Ba 3d光谱中包含两个峰,分别位于779.60、795.00 eV,对应于Ba 3d5/2和Ba 3d3/2的电子跃迁。图5b In 3d 谱图显示的两个峰分别位于 451.80、 444.20 eV,对应于 In 3d5/2 和 In 3d3/2的电子跃迁。XPS测试表明BIO中Ba的氧化态为+2, In的氧化态为+3。
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