In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fire monitoring in complex enviroments, an improved YOLOv8n model named YOLOv8n-MAAI for fire detection was proposed. Firstly,by incorporating a multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism into the backbone network, the model’s ability to handle complex scenarios was enhanced, improving detection accuracy. Furthermore, the ADown module from YOLOv9 was integrated into the YOLOv8 architecture, reducing computational complexity through a lightweight design. The adaptive spatial feature fusion (ASFF) mechanism was introduced to form a new Detect_ASFF detection header, filtering conflicting information and improving feature scale invariance. Finally, the Inner-MPDIoU loss function was employed to optimize the training process, enhancing regression accuracy and accelerating model convergence. Experimental results demonstrate that YOLOv8n-MAAI achieves a detection precision of 92.4%, a recall rate of 93.6%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 94.3%, outperforming both the original YOLOv8n and other popular detection models such as YOLOv5s and YOLOv3-tiny. These improvements provide a more accurate and reliable solution for fire detection, supporting advancements in fire prevention and control technology.
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