基于扎根理论探索标准化病人情景教学改革
叶梓杰 , 蔡凯骏 , 陈劲松 , 江梓铨 , 宋奕瀚 , 施楚君
医学教育研究与实践 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3) : 422 -427.
基于扎根理论探索标准化病人情景教学改革
Exploratory Analysis of Scenario-based Teaching Reform of Standardized Patients Based on Grounded Theory
标准化病人(Standardized Patients,SP)目前大量应用于临床医学技能教育,在病史采集教学、体格检查教学、人文精神培养三大方面为学生提供全面而有效的帮助。随着医学教育模式的不断革新,作为情景教学的SP教学模式是教学改革的潜在方向。本研究基于扎根理论研究方法,对汕头大学医学院临床医学专业的学生、临床技能教学课程的教师及参与教学的SP进行半结构化访谈,最终得到“课程评价”“SP表演真实度”“SP相关因素”“SP教学与非SP教学的不同”四大核心范畴。研究发现,SP教学效果得到普遍认可,但仍存在SP表演真实度有待提升、学生-教师-SP三方沟通不足、SP教学资源无法满足学生需求等问题,并提出借助AI教学、模型教学的优势弥补SP教学的局限性、进一步完善SP规范化培训、构建三方沟通平台等建议,为改进SP教学模式、促进医学教育改革提供参考意见。
The widespread application of standardized patients (SP) in clinical medical skills education provides students with comprehensive and effective support in three areas including medical history collection, physical examination instruction, and cultivation of humanistic values. With ongoing innovation in medical education mode, the SP-based approach, a form of scenario-based teaching, represents a potential direction for education reform. This study employs grounded theory methodology to conduct semi-structured interviews with students of Clinical Medicine, instructors of clinical skills course, and SPs participating in teaching at Shantou University Medical College, and finally acquires four core categories including “course evaluation”, “authenticity of SP performance”, “SP-related factors” and “differences between SP and non-SP teaching approaches”. Findings indicate broad recognition of the effectiveness of SP teaching. However, problems still persist, such as the need to improve the performance authenticity of SP, insufficient communication among students, instructors and SPs, and limited SP resources failing to meet student demands. The study suggests leveraging AI-enhanced teaching and model-based instruction to address the limitation of SP teaching, refining SP training standards, and establishing a communication platform to provide insights for improving SP teaching mode and advancing medical education reform.
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2023年汕头大学医学院教学改革与研究项目(2023[15]07)
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