德尔菲法构建公共卫生硕士实习核心能力培养指标体系探索
朱海源 , 姚欢 , 吴绮琦 , 张润权 , 金雨晴 , 肖芹 , 马文军 , 董晓梅 , 刘涛
医学教育研究与实践 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4) : 506 -512.
德尔菲法构建公共卫生硕士实习核心能力培养指标体系探索
Constructing the Cultivation Indicator System of Core Competence of Practicum of Master of Public Health by Using the Delphi Method
基于构建一套公共卫生硕士(Master of Public Health, MPH)专业实习核心能力培养指标体系,本研究先通过文献回顾构建初步指标体系,再选择中国各地的公共卫生领域专家进行德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询,并根据专家对各指标的重要性评分均数(x)及变异系数(CV)进行指标筛选,最终以专家积极程度、权威程度及意见的协调程度来评价咨询结果。23名专家参加了两轮专家咨询,硕士及以上学历者19人(82.6%)、副高及以上职称22人(95.7%);近50%的专家工作年限≥20年,60%以上的专家MPH实习生带教或管理年限≥5年(其中约35%的专家≥10年)。两轮咨询问卷回收率均为100%,权威系数分别为0.90和0.93。第二轮咨询后,CV均<0.25,两轮各级指标的协调系数检验均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。最终的指标体系包括4个一级指标,12个二级指标和42个三级指标。本研究构建的培养指标体系具有良好的科学性和可靠性,可为中国MPH专业实习核心能力培养标准的制定提供参考。
In this paper, based on constructing the cultivation indicator system of core competency of practicum of Master of Public Health (MPH), this research established the preliminary indicator system through literature review, carried out Delphi expert consultation to experts in the field of public health selected from all over the country, screened the indicators according to the mean (x̄) and coefficient of variation (CV) of the experts’ importance rating of each indicator, and finally evaluated the results of consultation according to the degree of experts’ positivity, authority, harmonization of their opinions. 23 experts, including 19 (82.6%) with a master’s degree or above and 22 (95.7%) with the position of associate professor or above, participated in two rounds of expert consultation. Nearly 50% of the experts had a working experience of at least 20 years, and more than 60% of the experts possessed at least 5 years of experience in MPH internship teaching or management (among which approximately 35% had at least 10 years of experience). The return rate of questionnaires of the two rounds of consultation was 100%, with 0.90 and 0.93 of the coefficients of authority, respectively. After the second round of consultation, the CVs were all less than 0.25, and the coordination coefficient tests of indicators at all levels in the two rounds were statistically significant (P<0.05). The final indicator system included 4 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators and 42 third-level indicators. The cultivation indicator system constructed in this study has good scientificity and reliability, which can provide an outline reference for the development of core competency cultivation standards for the practicum of MPH in China.
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