The Bishop stress variable method and the Fredlund stress variable method are applied to the triple-shear strength criterion to derive two triple-shear failure stress ratios and the related triple-shear yield surface equations for unsaturated clays under the two stress variable methods. The unified hardening parameter is then introduced into the original yield surface equations to obtain the over-consolidated yield surface equations for unsaturated soil. The subloading surface theory is applied to establish two triple-shear subloading surface hardening models (TSSH) for over-consolidated unsaturated clays to reflect the soil deformation characteristics under dynamic and static loads. These two proposed models reflect strain softening, dilatancy, as well as plastic strain accumulation and hysteresis under cyclic loading. Taking the remolded red clay in the Nanchang area of Jiangxi Province as the research object, the basic soil parameters required for the calculation of the TSSH are obtained by laboratory geotechnical tests. The unsaturated static triaxial CD (consolidated drained) tests and the saturated cyclic triaxial CD tests for the over-consolidated unsaturated clays are conducted. The stress‒strain relationship curves for the over-consolidated clays under static and cyclic loads are obtained, and the constitutive model results are compared to the static and cyclic triaxial CD tests. The results showed that the constitutive model outcomes are consistent with the experimental data, which better reflect the mechanical properties such as strain softening, dilatancy, and the ratchet and Masing effects of the over-consolidated clays under cyclic loads. The applicability of the proposed constitutive models in reflecting the basic stress‒strain properties of the over-consolidated clays is verified. The numerical simulations of the true triaxial show that when the influence coefficient of the intermediate principal stress, the matrix suction, and the over-consolidation ratio are larger, the peak stress of conventional static triaxial becomes larger, and the cumulative plastic strain of the cyclic triaxial decreases as the clays reach the end of deformation. The constitutive model effectively reflects the mechanical properties of over-consolidated soil under true triaxial consolidation and drainage.
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