西北高原区甜瓜—西兰花有机生态型基质栽培高产高效模式研究
李文平 , 杨兵丽 , 王佳佳 , 张志鹏 , 王建军
高原农业 ›› 2023, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (5) : 523 -527.
西北高原区甜瓜—西兰花有机生态型基质栽培高产高效模式研究
High Yield and High Efficiency Model of Melon-Broccoli Substrate Cultivation in Semi-Arid Region of Northwest in China
为解决西北高原区非耕地有效利用和传统设施蔬菜栽培存在的土传病害严重、种植结构单一、经济效益不明显和不稳定等现实问题,选用草炭:河沙=3:1和草炭:炉渣=3:1两个基质配比方案进行有机生态型基质改造,探索出春夏茬栽培甜瓜,秋茬栽培西兰花的栽培方式。实践证明,在西北高原区利用基质配比栽培甜瓜—西兰花(提前利用设施育苗)的生产技术,前茬甜瓜可实现经济产值 136 388.6元·hm-2,西兰花经济产值78 685.5元·hm-2,塑料大棚甜瓜—西兰花种植模式可实现总产值为215 074.1元·hm-2,该模式让原有土传病虫害严重的土壤得到了休耕与隔离。有机生态型基质栽培甜瓜—西兰花,为非耕地开发利用或老旧设施棚室持续生产提供了一种高产、高效、生态的栽培模式。
To address the issues of severe soil-borne diseases, single-crop planting structure, and uncertain economic benefits and stability in the non-arable land utilization and traditional facility-based vegetable cultivation in the Northwest Plateau region in China, two substrate ratio schemes, namely, grass charcoal:river sand=3:1 and grass charcoal:furnace slag=3:1, were selected for organic eco-friendly substrate transformation. The study aimed to explore a cultivation approach for cultivating sweet melon in the spring and summer seasons and broccoli in the autumn season. The practical implementation of melon and broccoli cultivation using substrate ratios in the Northwest Plateau region, along with early seedling cultivation in facilities, resulted in significant economic outputs. Specifically, the economic output was 136,388.6 yuan·hm-2 for the preceding melon crop and 78,685.5 yuan·hm-2 for broccoli. The overall output achieved in the plastic greenhouse with sweet melon and broccoli cultivation amounted to 215,074.1 yuan·hm-2. Additionally, this approach allowed the previously heavily afflicted soil with soil-borne diseases and pests to undergo fallow and isolation. The organic eco-friendly substrate cultivation of melon and broccoli provided a high-yield, efficient, and eco-friendly cultivation model for the development and utilization of non-arable land or for continuous production in aging facility greenhouses.
substrate cultivation / melon / broccoli / efficient mode
| [1] |
潘艳华,朱红业,雷宝坤 |
| [2] |
刘振国,邰杰,李青云 |
| [3] |
梁玉芹,杨阳,刘云 |
| [4] |
李婷婷,马蓉丽,成妍 |
| [5] |
沈军,高丽红,张真和 |
| [6] |
李萍萍,朱咏莉.基于农林废弃物的植物培育基质开发及应用技术研究进展[J].南京农业大学(自然科学版),2015 (05): 161-168. |
| [7] |
李国龙,唐继伟,黄绍文 |
| [8] |
陈丽萍.有机生态型无土栽培辣椒的研究初报[J].莱阳农学院学报,2003,20(2):122-124+130. |
| [9] |
陈耀兵,陈国辉,阮锡春 |
| [10] |
殷学云,崔海成,蒋宏 |
| [11] |
肖艳辉,何金明,陈明威 |
甘肃省人才项目《渭河流域现代农业新技术集成与人才培养》和天水市科技项目《武山县日光温室蔬菜有机基质栽培技术试验示范与 推广》
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |