西藏墨脱藓类植物多样性及其生活型组成初步研究
马和平 , 司孟鑫 , 王彪 , 陈利 , 高智远 , 吴亚轩 , 范冰冰
高原农业 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (1) : 16 -24.
西藏墨脱藓类植物多样性及其生活型组成初步研究
A Preliminary Study of Mosses Diversity and Life-Form Composition in Motuo of Xizang, China
墨脱因其特殊的生物地理位置和巨大的海拔高差使得该地区拥有丰富的植物种类,其独特的自然地理和独特的气候条件为苔藓植物的分布孕育了多种多样的生境,形成了不同种类的苔藓植物群落。为研究该区藓类植物具有怎样的多样性和生活型,采取线路采集和普采的方式,对墨脱的藓类植物进行了野外调查。结果表明:(1)墨脱共有藓类植物42科175属420种(含变种、亚种),该区藓类植物有12个优势科,15个优势属。藓类植物物种的多样性与该区特殊的生境密切相关。(2)该区藓类植物共有7个生活型,其中,土石生群落共有藓类植物235种,占该区藓类植物总数的55.9%;石生群落共有藓类植物196种,占该区藓类植物总数的46.7%;土生群落共有藓类植物112种,占该区藓类植物总数的26.7%;树附生群落共有藓类植物68种,占该区藓类植物总数的16.2%。(3)该区藓类植物的生活型不同,土石生群落中平铺型最多,其次是丛集型,扇型最少;石生群落和土生群落中均是以平铺型为主,其次是丛集型,垫状型最少;树附生群落藓类则以悬垂型为主,其次是丛集型,而扇型最少。总体分析,墨脱的藓类植物的生活型以平型为优势,说明了该地区良好的水分状况,环境湿润。
Motuo is rich in plant species due to its special biogeographically location and huge elevation difference. Its unique physical geography and unique climate conditions breed a variety of habitats for bryophyte distribution and form different bryophyte communities. To study the diversity and life forms of bryophytes in the area, the field survey of mosses in Motuo was carried out by means of line collection and general collection. The results showed that there were 420 species (including varieties and subspecies) of mosses belonging to 175 genera and 42 families in Motuo. There were 12 dominant families and 15 dominant genera of mosses in this area. The species diversity of moss plants was closely related to the special habitat in this area. There were 7 life forms of mosses in this area, among which 235 species of mosses were found in the soil and rock-community, accounting for 55.9% of the total. There were 196 species of mosses in the rock-community, accounting for 46.7% of the total. There were 112 species of mosses in the soil-community, accounting for 26.7% of the total. There were 68 species of mosses in the tree-community, accounting for 16.2% of the total. The life types of mosses in this region were different. In terms of life types of mosses in the soil and rock-community, Mat type was the most, followed by turf type, and fan type was the least. In both of rock and soil communities, weft was dominant, followed by turf, and cushion was the least. In terms of the life types of the epiphytic mosses in the tree community, the pendant type was dominant, followed by the turf type, and the fan type was the least. Overall, the life form of mosses was mat in Motuo, which indicated that the area had a good moisture condition and a moist environment.
藓类植物 / 物种多样性 / 生态群落 / 生活型 / 墨脱
Mosses / Species Diversity / Ecological Community / Life form / Motuo
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国家自然科学基金(32060264)
西藏自治区2023年科技计划项目(XZ202301ZY0041G)
西藏农牧学院农业资源与环境学科建设(2023)
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