水曲柳枝枯病病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及发病前后真菌多样性分析
董爱荣 , 于文旭 , 王思涵 , 孙宁
高原农业 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (04) : 421 -431.
水曲柳枝枯病病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及发病前后真菌多样性分析
Isolation, Identification, Biological Characteristics, and Analysis of Fungal Diversity before and after the Onset of Fraxinus mandshurica Shoot Blight by High-throughput Sequencing
本研究对采集的病枝条进行组织分离纯化后获得代表性菌株,通过柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行致病性验证,结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定病原菌种类;通过不同培养基、不同温度、不同pH和不同光照初步研究病原菌生物学特性。采用高通量测序法,探究水曲柳枝枯病发生前后病皮与健皮之间真菌群落结构的差异。该研究为水曲柳枝枯病害的田间诊断及防控提供了科学理论指导,具有较高的应用价值。结果表明:分离纯化后获得6株菌株,菌株FL1致病性测定与田间症状相符;结合形态学和分子生物学,将引起水曲柳枝枯病的病原菌鉴定为Diaporthe cotoneastri;在人工培养条件下,菌株最适生长环境为PDA培养基、25 ℃、pH = 6和12 L/12 D。病皮与健皮真菌的ASV变化较大,2组样品共有的真菌种类有86个,占真菌总数的16.96%。2组样品中真菌菌落结构基本相同,但相对丰度差异较大。在门水平下,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)是两组的优势真菌。在属水平下,亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)是健皮中的优势真菌,间座壳属Diaporthe是病皮中的优势真菌,其次是亚隔孢壳属(Didymella)。本研究明确了D. cotoneastri引起水曲柳枝枯病,感病前后真菌种类数量变化明显。
Through tissue isolation and purification of the collected diseased branches, representative pathogenic strains were obtained. Pathogenicity was verified by Koch's rule, and the types of pathogens were identified by combining morphology and molecular biology; Through different culture media, different temperature, different pH and different lighting conditions, a preliminary study was conducted on the biological characteristics of pathogen. The high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the differences in fungal community structures between diseased skin and healthy skin before and after the occurrence of F. mandshurica shoot blight. This study aimed to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the field diagnosis and prevention of F. mandshurica shoot blight, with strong practical significance. Six strains were obtained after isolation and purification, and the pathogenicity of strain FL1 was consistent with field symptoms; by combining morphology and molecular biology, the pathogen causing F. mandshurica shoot blight was identified as D. cotoneastri; under artificial cultivation conditions, the optimal growth environment for the strain was PDA medium, 25 ℃, pH = 6, and 12L/12D. The fungal ASV changed greatly before and after susceptibility to disease. The two samples shared 86 fungal species, accounting for 16.96%, with two substantially identical sample colonies structures, but large differences in relative abundance. At the phylum level, Ascomycota was the dominant fungus. At the genus level, Didymella was the predominant fungus in healthy skin, and Diaporthe was the predominant fungus in diseased skin, followed by Didymella. This study confirms that D. cotoneastri causes F. mandshurica shoot blight, and there is a significant change in the number of fungal species before and after infection.
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国家自然科学基金项目(31670494)
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