基于ArcGIS孟连县牛油果种植气候适宜性精细化分析
Refined Analysis of Climatic Suitability of Avocado Planting in Menglian County Based on ArcGIS
本文旨在研究孟连县牛油果种植指标评估、灾害风险分析、气候适宜性区划,合理布局,减少气象灾害影响,提高牛油果产量及品质。选用牛油果主要物候期气象观测资料及生长发育与分布状况调查数据,运用栅格计算、空间插值等ArcGIS技术方法进行分析,将孟连县牛油果种植气候适宜性划分为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区、不适宜区4个层级,完成其气候适宜性区划专题图绘制。结果表明,孟连县影响牛油果种植气象要素包括3个指标6个因子,指标中影响较大的是温度,在温度要素中最低气温影响较大;年降水量丰富,适宜牛油果种植,但少部分低洼种植区根部易积水,根腐病发生风险偏高;年平均气温适宜牛油果生长,但干季降水稀少,气温回升快,低海拔区4 - 5月有高温干旱风险,有灌溉条件的区域更适宜种植牛油果。结果说明,孟连县年平均气温在22 ℃以上;最冷月1月,平均气温在12 ℃以上;年降水量在2 000 mm以上,均为牛油果种植最适宜区,约占全县国土面积的70%。
This article is intended to investigate the assessment of avocado planting indicators, disaster risk analysis, and climate suitability zoning in Menglian County, for the purpose of rational layout, minimizing the influence of meteorological disasters, and enhancing the output and quality of avocados. The main phenological period meteorological observation data of avocados and the investigation data on their growth, development, and distribution were selected. ArcGIS technical approaches such as raster calculation and spatial interpolation were employed for analysis. The climate suitability for avocado planting in Menglian County was classified into four levels: the most suitable area, the suitable area, the less suitable area, and the unsuitable area, and the thematic map of climate suitability zoning was accomplished. The results demonstrate that the meteorological factors influencing avocado planting in Menglian County encompassed three indicators and six factors. Among the indicators, temperature exerted a more significant impact, and the minimum temperature had a greater influence within the temperature factors. The annual precipitation was abundant, which was conducive to avocado planting. However, in some low-lying planting areas, the roots were prone to water accumulation, and the risk of root rot was relatively high. The annual average temperature was suitable for avocado growth. Nevertheless, the precipitation was scarce during the dry season, and the temperature rose rapidly. In the low-altitude areas, there was a risk of high temperature and drought from April to May. Areas with irrigation conditions were more suitable for avocado planting. The results suggest that in Menglian County, the annual average temperature is above 22 ℃; the average temperature in the coldest month, January, is above 12 ℃; and the annual precipitation is above 2,000 mm. All these areas are the most suitable for avocado planting, accounting for approximately 70% of the county's total land area.
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云南省气象局基层台站气象科技创新与能力提升计划项目(STIAP202230)
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