藏北农牧民合作社草场放牧方式研究
A Study of Pasture Grazing Methods of Farmers and Herdsmen Cooperatives in Northern Xizang:A Case Study of Bangor County
放牧模式增强了放牧的科学性与可持续性。西藏自治区那曲市推行“一乡一社”“一村一合”集团式合作社放牧模式。为了解推行情况,本文调查了那曲市班戈县农牧民合作社的草场放牧方式,研究其对当地经济、生态和社会的影响。结果表明,合理的草场划分提高了草场利用效率和牧民收入,但部分合作社存在超载问题。那拉玛村西扎农牧民合作社的草场结构较为合理,季节和区域选择有效分散了牲畜压力。当前挑战主要是放牧超载,需改进管理并引入新技术。建议加强技术培训、完善管理制度及增加资金投入,进一步研究与改进以实现草场的可持续利用。
The grazing model enhances the science and sustainability of grazing. Nagqu City, Xizang Autonomous Region, implements the “one township, one community” and “one village, one cooperative” group cooperative grazing model. In order to understand the implementation status, this study investigated the pasture grazing methods of farmers and herders cooperatives in Bangor County, Nagqu City, and studied its impact on the local economy, ecology and society. The results showed that reasonable grassland division improved the grassland use efficiency and herders' income, but some cooperatives had the problem of overload. The pasture structure of the Xizha Farmers and Herdsmen Cooperative in Nalama Village was relatively reasonable, and the seasonal and regional selection effectively dispersed the pressure on livestock. The main challenge was overgrazing, improved management and the introduction of new technologies. It is suggested that technical training should be strengthened, management system should be improved, and capital investment should be increased, and further research and improvement should be made to achieve sustainable use of grassland.
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