西藏森林区土壤营养元素分布特征及其受土壤和地形因素影响的研究
陈松焱 , 刘钟元 , 王永霞 , 李超 , 喻武
高原农业 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (05) : 561 -571.
西藏森林区土壤营养元素分布特征及其受土壤和地形因素影响的研究
A Study of the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Elements and Their Influence by Soil and Topographic Factors in Xizang Forest Region
森林是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在丰富生物多样性、维持土地生产力和碳汇/源收支等方面有着重要作用。本文在考虑了西藏森林分布的主要环境因子情况下,采集所有森林类型的地表0 ~ 20 cm的土壤,探讨森林分布区的土壤营养分布特征及其土壤和地形对其影响。结果表明:(1)西藏森林区营养元素TN、TP、TK和SOM的含量范围分别为:0.59 ~ 10.5 g/kg、0.20 ~ 2.14 g/kg、10.09 ~ 29.97 g/kg和3.43 ~ 311.05 g/kg;AK、AP和AN的含量范围为:31.22 ~ 842.89 mg/kg、1.55 ~ 464.68 mg/kg和51.49 ~ 743.89 mg/kg。(2)TP和TK属于中等变异,TN、AK、AP、AN和SOM属于高强度变异。TN、TP、TK和AP表现出较强的空间相关性,表现为中等程度的空间相关性,AK和SOM表现出较弱的空间相关性。(3)灰褐土是研究区内营养元素最丰富的土壤,赤红壤是营养元素含量最低的土壤,AK含量与其余土壤类型相比是最低的,AP含量在各个土壤中的分布差异最大。石灰岩是研究区营养元素含量最丰富的土壤,玄武岩是营养元素含量最低的土壤,AK含量在各母岩类型中的分布差异最大。(4)随着坡度增大,TP和AK也随着增大;而TN、TK、AP、AN和SOM含量则是在无规律的变化。在5° ~ 14°范围内土壤营养元素含量较高,在小于5°坡度范围内是土壤营养元素含量较低,AP含量在各坡度范围内分布差异最大。(5)在不同海拔范围,TP和AP含量随海拔增加,总体有减小趋势。海拔800 ~ 1 000 m范围内TP、AK和AN的含量最高,海拔在1 500 ~ 2 000 m的范围内时,TN、TP和SOM的含量表现最低,AP含量在各个海拔范围中的分布差异最大。(6)在不同坡向范围内,除TK外,阳坡的总体营养元素含量比阴坡更高。西坡向和北坡向的营养元素含量较高,东坡向和东北坡向的土壤营养元素含量则较低,AP含量在不同坡向范围中的分布差异最大。
Forests are an important type of terrestrial ecosystem, playing a crucial role in enriching biodiversity, maintaining land productivity, and carbon sink/source balance. Taking into account the main environmental factors of forest distribution in Xizang, this study collected 0 ~ 20 cm soil from the surface of all forest types, and discussed the characteristics of soil nutrient distribution in forest distribution areas and the impact of soil and terrain on them. The results showed: (1) The contents of TN, TP, TK and SOM in Xizang forest area were 0.59 ~ 10.58 g/kg, 0.20 ~ 2.14 g/kg, 10.09 ~ 29.97 g/kg and 3.43 ~ 311.05 g/kg, respectively; the content range of AK, AP, and AN is 31.22 ~ 842.89 mg/kg, 1.55 ~ 464.68 mg/kg, and 51.49 ~ 743.89 mg/kg. TP and TK belonged to moderate variation, while TN, AK, AP, AN, and SOM belonged to high-intensity variation. (2) TN, TP, TK, and AP exhibited strong spatial correlations, showing moderate spatial correlations, while AK and SOM showed weak spatial correlations. (3) Grey brown soil was the soil with the richest nutrient elements in the study area, while red soil had the lowest nutrient element content. Compared with other soil types, the AK content was the lowest, and the distribution of AP content varied the most among different soils. Limestone was the soil with the richest nutrient content in the study area, while basalt was the soil with the lowest nutrient content. The distribution of AK content varied greatly among different parent rock types. (4) As the slope increased, TP and AK also increased; The content of TN, TK, AP, AN, and SOM varied irregularly. The soil nutrient content was higher within the range of 5° ~ 14°, and lower within the range of less then 5°. The distribution of AP content varied the most among different slope ranges. (5) The content of TP and AP generally decreased with increasing altitude in different altitude ranges. The content of TP, AK, and AN was highest within the altitude range of 800 m to 1 000 m, while the content of TN, TP, and SOM was lowest within the altitude range of 1 500 m to 2 000 m. The distribution of AP content varied the most among different altitude ranges. (6) In different slope directions, except for TK, the overall nutrient content of sunny slopes was higher than that of shady slopes. The nutrient content of soil was higher in the west slope and north slope directions, while it was lower in the east slope and northeast slope directions. The distribution of AP content varied greatly in different slope directions.
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