拉月曲-帕隆藏布-雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔土壤可蚀性 K 值空间差异性分析
杨来仙 , 高鑫 , 曹盛明 , 张娟 , 骆师堂 , 万丹
高原农业 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (05) : 585 -595.
拉月曲-帕隆藏布-雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔土壤可蚀性 K 值空间差异性分析
Spatial Variability of Soil Erodibility (K Value) Across Different Elevations in the Layequ-Palung Zangbo-Yarlung Zangbo River Basin
为探究拉月曲—帕隆藏布—雅鲁藏布江流域不同海拔梯度下土壤可蚀性K值的分布特征及其驱动机制,本文选取沿该流域典型径流路径(色季拉山—鲁朗—拉月—贡日村—墨脱)的5个具有代表性的样点,基于实地采样和EPIC模型估算,分析土壤理化性质、粒径组成与K值的响应关系。结果表明:(1)随着海拔升高,土壤容重增加,孔隙度、有机质和团聚体稳定性下降;(2)K值表现为高海拔与亚高海拔区域显著高于中低海拔,粉粒含量与K值极显著正相关(r = 0.907,P < 0.01),是驱动可蚀性差异的关键因素;(3)2 378 m海拔样点K值最高(0.3 221 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2)),显著高于741 m(0.2 163 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2))与1 380 m(0.2 090 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2))。研究揭示该流域沿河递降的地形—气候梯度对K值分布具有控制作用,对高海拔地区水土保持与生态防控提供理论参考。
To investigate the distribution characteristics and driving mechanisms of soil erodibility (K factor) under different altitudinal gradients in the Layuequ-Parlung Zangbo-Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, five representative sampling sites were selected along a typical hydrological transect from Sejila Mountain to Motuo (including Lulang, Layue, and Gongricun). Based on field sampling and K factor estimation using the EPIC model, the relationships among soil physicochemical properties, particle-size composition, and K values were systematically analyzed. The results showed: (1) With increasing altitude, soil bulk density increased, while porosity, organic matter content, and aggregate stability decreased significantly; (2) K values in high and sub-high altitude regions were significantly higher than those in middle and low altitude areas, and the silt content was highly positively correlated with K values (r = 0.907, P < 0.01), serving as the dominant factor influencing spatial variation in soil erodibility; (3) The altitude at 2,378 m exhibited the highest K value (0.3 221 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2)), which was significantly higher than those at 741 m (0.2 163 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2) and 1,380 m (0.2 090 t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2)). This study reveals that the downstream-decreasing terrain-climate gradient along the river exerts a strong control on the spatial pattern of K values by regulating soil structure and particle composition. These findings provide theoretical support for soil erosion risk assessment and ecological conservation in high-altitude mountainous regions.
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