西藏米拉山西坡不同海拔梯度土壤有机碳氮分布特征
The Distribution Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen at Different Altitude Gradients on the West Slope of Mila Mountain in Xizang
为探究米拉山西坡土壤有机碳、氮及其组分随海拔梯度的分布特征,为该区域土壤碳、氮循环过程的研究提供科学依据。本研究以西藏米拉山地区海拔3 900 ~ 4 900 m内的自然土壤为研究对象,以 200 m为高度差在米拉山西坡不同海拔梯度设置6个采样点,以(0 ~ 20) cm、(20 ~ 40) cm、(40 ~ 60)cm深度分层采集土样,研究了土壤有机碳及其组分在不同土层的分布特征。结果表明:1.随着海拔的升高,米拉山西坡土壤pH呈下降趋势,变化范围为5.49 ~ 6.69;容重先上升后下降,变化范围为0.23 ~ 0.48;SOC及其组分含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势。随着土层深度的增加,土壤pH逐渐升高,SOC及其组分均呈下降趋势。2.SOC及其组分含量与土壤pH值、容重、海拔、土层呈负相关。3.土壤微生物量碳、氮主要受SOC、SON调控。4.SOC及其组分变化主要受海拔梯度变化的影响。得出结论为海拔变化引起的植被类型变化是造成土壤有机碳、氮变化的主要因素。
This study was conducted to investigate the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, and their components along an altitudinal gradient on the western slope of Mila Mountain in Xizang, thereby providing a scientific basis for understanding regional soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Soil samples were collected from six sampling sites at 200-meter intervals between 3 900 and 4 900 m above sea level, and were stratified into depths of (0 ~ 20 )cm, (20 ~ 40) cm, and (40 ~ 60) cm for analysis. The results showed that: (1) With increasing altitude, soil pH decreased (range: 5.49 ~ 6.69), while bulk density and the contents of SOC and its components first increased and then decreased (bulk density range: 0.23 ~ 0.48 g/cm³). With increasing soil depth, pH gradually increased, whereas SOC and its components significantly decreased. (2) SOC and its components were negatively correlated with soil pH, bulk density, altitude, and soil depth. (3) Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were primarily regulated by SOC and soil organic nitrogen (SON). (4) Variations in SOC and its components were mainly influenced by altitudinal gradient. In conclusion, vegetation type changes driven by altitude are the primary factor governing the dynamics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in this region.
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